Timm's Functions Compared with Gorbman's Principles
Gorbman’s first person perspective toward film music operates within somewhat strict parameters. Her analytical interests in music used in film demonstrate a strong respect for the traditional structure of film, with an introduction, setting, character development, climax and ending. Even though many contemporary films may share these principles, so that film music is used to set the mood, construct a narrative, work under dialogue, there are some films that do not. This makes her bias academic and as such, also limits the ability of Gorbman’s expectations for film music to function beyond the expectations she has outlined, making very little room for outliers, unless it serves a purpose beyond those she previously outlined.
Larry Timm’s text The Soul of Cinema: An Appreciation of Film Music cites various resources, with a sprinkling of his own subjectivity about how music enhances a film or its message. According to the module, Timm’s textbook is not all-inclusive. Two of the most similar principles in Timm’s text are to Reflect Emotion, in comparison to Gorbman’s Signifier of Emotion, and To Intensify or Relax the Pace of the Film, in comparison to Gorbman’s principle of Narrative Cueing.
An example from the reading that reflects and signifies emotion is the video clip from Somewhere in Time with Christopher Reeves, as he finds that he’s just missed the opportunity to speak with someone he loves and is downhearted, but thankfully his true love is seen walking in the distance toward him and they embrace. The music swells and matches the emotional value of the scene, where the two lovers make eye contact, and then the harmony of the piano and the wind instruments is like that of the two actors about to make love to each other and share each other’s company. Likewise, tragedy is almost demonstrated as Christopher Reeves’ character finds a penny in his pocket and the ominous musical notes mean he will yet again lose touch with his true love. When he comes to, she is gone again, this time for good, and he is again met with loneliness, where the music is also spread out and sad. This music doesn’t require words, but successfully shares the premise of the film and the emotional status of the actor.
An example of narrative cueing is most easily identifiable from the Jaws movie clip, where everything seems relaxed at the shoreline. The pace of the film is heightened, as is the threat the shark poses to all the swimmers. This is illustrated when the underlying film score goes to the upbeat tempo of a shark preparing to attack a swimmer and incites panic. Almost everyone escapes the water safely, until the mother of one of the swimmers calls out for her child and all that comes to shore with the tide is an inflatable item that now has blood and a large bite mark.