The tubeteika is a cap worn in Central Asians that varies by design in design and shape; they may be round, square, have fur, different embroidery, and so forth. Pictured above are Uzbek tubeteikas, though in Uzbek it is also called duppi. The art of making such duppi caps is very important in Uzbekistan, going so far as to being considered an applied art. It is with these such hats that you see the characteristic square shape most. The base color is traditionally black with white embroidery with four arches that symbolize impenetrable gates that keep out enemies. The paisley/burning pepper shapes ward off the evil eye, and the almond designs represent fertility and life. We see other such forms of protection from the evil eye in talismans and ceramics, but in terms of clothing, you would be hard pressed to go to Uzbekistan and never see anyone wearing a duppi cap.
A very happy Culture Week 2017 to you all!