When Arthur Conan Doyle introduced the brilliant and eccentric London detective Sherlock Holmes in the 1887 novel A Study in Scarlet, relatively few readers took notice. Beginning in 1891, though, a steady stream of short stories published in the London magazine The Strand caused Holmes's fan base to grow exponentially, and by 1893, the character was an international sensation. With Holmes at the height of his popularity, readers who purchased The Strand's December 1893 issue were taken aback by the shocking conclusion of the latest installment: Holmes, having plunged from a waterfall in Switzerland while fighting his enemy Moriarty, was dead.
Having introduced Moriarty in the same story, Conan Doyle in fact had long desired to end the series. "I am weary of his name," the author declared: devising the intricate plots of the stories took a great deal of time and effort, and Conan Doyle wanted to dedicate his energies elsewhere. Believing the Holmes stories to be lowbrow work, he wanted to focus on writing historical epics instead. Lucrative publishing contracts had made it difficult to walk away from the series, but by 1893 the author had made up his mind. "If I had not killed him, he would certainly have killed me," Conan Doyle remarked ominously.