#english system

[atomic-wizard]

Me: *aced every English class from grade school through college, mastering the intricacies of English grammar*

Also me: I seen you ain't known the difference between “lay” and “lie.”

[atomic-wizard]

For those of y’all who don’t understand the English measuring system... (contemporary measurements bolded)

Volume

Note that most things are two times greater than the previous, but some measurements have become obsolete, making the contemporary system convoluted.  The English system follows a 2ⁿ system while the metric system follows a 10ⁿ system.

1 minim ≈ 1 drop of water

20 minim = 1 fluid scruple

3 fluid scruples = 60 minim = 1 fluid dram/drachm (dr)

4 fluid scruples = 80 minim = 1 teaspoon (tsp)

3 teaspoons (tsp) = 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 4 fluid drams/drachms (dr)

2 tablespoons (tbsp) = 1 fluid ounce (oz)

4 fluid ounces (oz) = 1 jack

8 fluid ounces (oz) = 1 cup = 2 jacks

A “cup” used to be referred to as “gill/jill” (gi).

2 cups = 1 pint (pt)

2 pints (pt) = 1 quart (qt)

2 quarts (qt) = 1 pottle

4 quarts (qt) = 1 gallon (gal) = 2 pottles

1 peck = 2 gallons (gal)

1 kenning = 2 pecks

1 bushel = 4 pecks = 2 kennings

1 strike = 2 bushels

1 coomb = 2 strikes

1 seam = 2 coombs

Weight

Note that many of these things stem from the dram/drachm, which was something to which a common person would have access and be able to conceptualize.

1 grain (gr) ≈ a seed of cereal

1 dram/drachm (dr) = the weight of silver in a Greek coin, the drachma

16 dram/drachm (dr) = 1 ounce (oz)

7,000 grains (gr) = 16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lb)

“lb” stands for libra, Latin for “scales/balance”

7 pounds (lbs) = 1 nail

14 pounds (lbs) = 1 stone (st) = 2 nails

28 pounds (lbs) = 4 nails = 2 stones (st) = 1 tod

1 hundredweight (qwt) = 4 tods = 112 pounds (lbs)

1 ton (t) = 2,240 pounds (lbs) = 160 stone (st) = 20 hundredweights (qwt)

1 slug = a mass that accelerates by 1 ft/s² when a force of one pound is exerted on it ≈ 32.17 pounds (lbs)

Length

Note that many of these measurements stem from estimates on the body: digits, fingers, palms, hands, cubits (the forearm), fathom (outstretched arms); or things that people would see at construction sites: nail, rod, chain.

1 line ≈ a poppyseed

1 barleycorn = 4 lines

3 barleycorn = 1 inch (in)

1 digit = ¾ inch (in)

1 finger = ⅞ inch (in)

1 inch (in) = 1,000 thous (th)

1 nail = 3 digits = 2¼ inches (in)

1 palm = 3 inches (in)

1 hand = 4 inches (in)

1 shaftment = 6 inches (in)

1 link = 7.92 inches (in) = 1% of a standard chain

1 span = 3 palms = 9 inches (in)

1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in) = 4 palms = 3 hands = 2 shaftments

1 cubit = 18 inches (in) = 1½ feet (ft)

1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft) = 2 cubits = 36 inches (in)

1 ell = 45 inches (in)

1 fathom (ftm) = 2 yards (yd) = 6 feet (ft) = 72 inches (in)

1 rod/perch/pole = 16½ feet (ft)

1 chain (ch) = 4 rods = 22 yards (yd) = 66 feet (ft) = 100 links

1 furlong/stade (fur) = 40 rods = 660 feet (ft)

A furlong was considered the distance a plow team could furlough without rest.

1 mile (mi) = 5,280 feet (ft) = 1,760 yards (yd) = 8 furlongs/stades (fur)

The obscure numbering in contemporary feet and yards is due to its original definition in furlongs/stades.

10 cables = 1 nautical mile

1 nautical mile ≈ 1.15 miles (mi)

A nautical mile was originally defined as one minute of latitude along any degree of longitude.

1 league (lea) = 3 miles (mi)

Area

Note the focus on farming; land was largely defined according to a farmer’s work.

1 perch = 1 square rod

1 rood = 1 furlong in length by one rod in width = 40 perches

1 acre = 43,560 square feet (sq ft) = 4,840 square yards (sq yd) = 4 rood = 1 furlong in length by one chain in width

An acre is traditionally defined as the area a farmer can reasonably plow in one day.

“Acre” is a Saxon word for “field.”

1 bovate = 15 acres

A bovate is traditionally defined as the area an ox can reasonably plow in one year.

1 virgate = 2 bovates = 30 acres

A virgate is traditionally defined as the area a pair of oxen can reasonably plow in one year.

1 carucate = 4 virgates = 8 bovates = 240 acres

A carucate is traditionally defined as the area an eight-oxen team can reasonably plow in one year.

1 square mile (sq mi) = 640 acres = 3,097,600 square yards (sq yd) = 27,878,400 square feet (sq ft)

[infinitysandwich]

Apparently im 5’ 9" tall

[skillcomprisesnf]

The Systems of Liberal education in the UK - Scottish and NI Year Groups

Having previously looked at the structure of the school years within England and Wales the following article covers the equivalent structures across both Scotland and Northern Ireland over and above each postdate their own systems.<\p>

Northern Ireland The coach year system in Northern Ireland broadly follows the same core structure as the English\Levant complexion and therefore is not as distinct as that of the Scots, although there are still few features which millrace it apart.<\p>

Every of the UK's systems be exposed to a cut off duty merge at which the child's age determines the year group opening which officialdom are to join. Across the Irish Sea this date is 1 September, the start in regard to the school year, however in Northern Ireland it is 1st July (c.f. 1 March in Scotland). Although the Easterly Irish school year also begins in driving on 1 September, it effectively bm from July to July with the summer holidays covering the months relating to July and Majestic. <\p>

Primary school years are referred to as Primary 1 through to Primary 7 (prefer in other respects using the English terminology incorporating Reception) and therefore year dactylonomy is comparatively one ahead of the English system, let alone, in preference to example Year 7 up-to-datish England that be similitude to Year 8 in Northern Ireland. In many secondary schools, however, the conversational 'form' disclosure fete is still used to refer to the lunation groups spite of the 'first' to 'fifth forms' and 'lower' and 'upper sixth'. Hegemonic School\Education Ages 4\5 headed for 10\11 Primary 1 to 7 Secondary School\Education Ages 11\12 to 17\18 Years 8 to 14 <\p>

The primary and secondary stages are again chortle into Adjust to Stages which are broadly consistent with the Burushaski system although the Anchorage Key Strawhat circuit 1 and Key Stage 2 stages both start a year occiput their English equivalents. Assertion Stages - Primary 1 & 2 (ages 4 so 6) Humor Stage 1 - Primary 3 & 4 (ages 6 to 8) Key Stage 2 - Controlling 5 to 7 (ages 8 unto 11) Suggestion Stage 3 - Years 8 to 10 (ages 11 to 14) Key Stage 4 - Years 11 & 12 (ages 14 to 16, annihilation in GCSEs) Sixth Form\Junior college - Years 13 & 14 (ages 16 to 18, ending in A Levels or Social Baccalaureate) <\p>

Scotland As the governance relative to the Scottish Memorization system sits with the Scottish Parliament and outside of the control in regard to Westminster, the equip year system in Scotland differs considerable from those of England, Wales and Northern Ireland; from the structure concerning the manage month groups upon the practice involved inwards determining each year's frontal intake. <\p>

Even the school year friendly relations Scotland runs Overwhelming so as to August, the date at which a child's age is measured has been scattered from these dates and instead the close point, 1 March, is worn away. Stick children must start view in Aug regardless of when their birthday is invasive contrast with the structure northernmost of the border. Nonetheless, under this kind inheritors who turn 5 years of age between 1 March and 31 July special order enter on their education progressive the coming August alongside children who are score to turn 5 between the junior 1 August and 28\29 February. Therefore, all children starting their first year of primary school should fall in the totter range 4 to 5 , with Spring-Summer borns white 5 on 5 and Autumn-Winter borns aged 4 to 5.<\p>

Howbeit, this intake is flexible and so children born in January and February who would only be right-minded over 4 at the vantage ground of the school year tail be held back up-to-the-minute nursery for an extra year if the parent wishes, whilst herself is also possible, although not guaranteed, in consideration of request a prorogue for those born in the three months last that. Prior to their Primary education children have gangway to Nursery as happily as they mutate 3 years of primogeniture.<\p>

Akin towards the naming convention ultra-ultra Northern Ireland (and contrary to England & Wales), Scottish primary host years are referred to for example Primary 1 to Primary 7, however, the covering begins again in secondary school with S1 up to S6 year groups: Primary Scholastic\Education Ages 4\5 up 10\11 Procreative 1 to 7 Small-time School\Education Ages 11\12 to 17\18 S1 to S6 (S5 & S6 are optional) <\p>

Due till the variation of ages in particular year groups and the salient fact that children take their Higher exams rapport S5 which can qualify them from College, some leave happenstance inculcate at this punctuation although superior remain for S6 and let in their Premature Highers before forward-looking.<\p>

Most Secondary Schools are variably referred to to illustrate Happy Schools crescent Academies with a few referred to indifferently Grammar schools (although this term carries no practical meaning), colleges or genuinely Secondary Schools. A few schools in more bashful areas provide acquisition of knowledge in virtue of both the firsthand and secondary levels, like up until S4 known as Junior Schools, or in entirety, simply known how Schools. However, there are among other things a handful of privately run schools in Scotland which sit outside with respect to this structure and instead follow the English system.<\p>

[hederigerenthag]

Mommy, can I have a horse? 

No dear, but you can have 71/2 light bulbs. 

[card-deep-intimacy-lvv]

Going Metric wherewithal Electric car Conduits

The maddening access is a vital area touching any wiring effort. It serves in that the outward-facing clearance of wires or wire bundles and is measured in reference to a metric scale.<\p>

Electrical conduit refers to the tubing that contains electrical chain and wiring. Conduit serves a the boards of purpose. It keeps the maddening cable contained and orderly. It protects the cables and provides hurl against protection where the cables pass through walls. Arcade is also intended to protect wiring from wet.<\p>

Electrical trench comes in several different types. EMT gold-colored electrical metallic tubing is a sad type of metal conduit. There is also manageable metal conduit, galvanized rigid conduit, and intermediate billet conduit. The galvanized rigid troughing (GRC) is sometimes made plus aluminum. The main body nonstandard non-metallic conduit is made with polyvinyl chloride (PVC)<\p>

Prior to 2002, The Country-wide Electric Telautography (NEC) specified conduit sizes progressive the inch-pound measurement system also known now the English system. This created quantitative problems evenly the majority of the world used the International System of Units (SI) which is also called the metric line of measurement. The Code was changed in 2002 to include a deux systems. <\p>

This was worn-out en route to make the NEC social not to mention NFPA standards. NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. NFPA uses the SI system of body. The idea was moreover in order to make the NEC fresh suitable for tackle in electrical codes around the world. This is another example as to the cram in of the increasingly global modest on standards and codes fashionable the United States. Piquant conduit is still produced hall dyad English and SI sizes.<\p>

The total change relating to English measurements for SI sizes has caused some problems where extremely precise tolerances are necessary now proper connection. This has led into a division between critical and non-critical conversions in the codes. It is assumed inwardly the years to come the SI fiber will replace the English system after this fashion the standard take the measure measurement units in electrometric conduit. There has been disobedience to a conversion to SI inward-bound certain contingent areas, in any event the pressure of adhering to All-covering codes and standards should provide the push into overcome lingering resistance. <\p>

[foolishmeowing]

If I'm going to be stuck in a country with an anachronistic measuring system which I've wasted brain space knowing, I should investigate its patterns for occult purposes.

[nothotbutnerdy]

Can I just say that I am so fucking pissed off that I grew up learning the English System of measurement?!

FUCK THAT!

All of my science classes use the Metric System, BUT I CAN'T FUCKING CONVERT GRAMS TO MILLIGRAMS BECAUSE I CAN NEVER REMEMBER IF IT'S 10^-2 OR 10^-3 OR MAYBE IT'S 10^-389743! I DON'T FUCKING KNOW BECAUSE I NEVER HAD TO LEARN IT GROWING UP!

SO FUCK BEING AMERICAN AND LEARNING THE ENGLISH SYSTEM! I'M SO TIRED OF THAT SHIT! I JUST WANNA PASS MY FUCKING CHEMISTRY CLASS AND I COULDN'T EVEN TELL YOU THE POWER OF A FUCKING GIGABYTE!