Musculoskeletal Imaging in Rheumatological Practice
Introduction to Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMDs) Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Connective tissue diseaseJuvenile Idiopathic ArthritisOsteoarthritis Soft Tissue Rheumatism (STR)
Rheumatic diseases, often known as musculoskeletal disorders, are characterized by pain and a consequent loss in the range of motion and function in various regions of the musculoskeletal system; in some diseases, inflammation manifests itself as swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected areas. In rheumatic disorders, which are autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, the immune system targets the joints, muscles, bones, and organs. Rheumatic disorders are sometimes included under the umbrella term "arthritis," which covers more than 100 diseases and symptoms. In some situations, the disorders impact the joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, muscles, and related organs.
Rheumatic and musculoskeletal illnesses (RMDs) afflict both children and adults, and there are over 200 different forms of RMDs. A weakened immune system or inflammation, infections, and slow deterioration of the joints, muscles, and bones are the most common causes of this category of disorders. Many rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders are chronic, deteriorate with time, are painful, and impede one's ability to function. These illnesses can cause major disability in severe cases, lowering the quality of life and shortening life expectancy.
The Most Common Musculoskeletal Disorders:
Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is defined as musculoskeletal pain that persists for more than 3–6 months and has no recognized underlying, significant, or specific pathology.
Connective tissue disorders are a group of illnesses marked by multi-organ inflammation and autoimmune responses. Although the condition is rather uncommon, when it manifests itself acutely, it can be life-threatening and necessitates rapid medical attention to avoid multi-system damage.
For at least 6 weeks, the illness causes inflammation, discomfort, and swelling in one or more joints. Juvenile arthritis is a common name for it. According to Versus Arthritis (2018), almost 12,000 children under the age of 16 in the United Kingdom were diagnosed with the disease in 2018.
It is the most frequent type of arthritis, and it refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by joint pain, functional limitations, and a poor quality of life. Frequently, the knee, hip, and joint regions are impacted.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating, chronic illness in which the immune system affects the synovial lining of joints and other organs. If the joint is not treated, it can lose its shape and alignment, causing bone erosion and eventually leading to joint destruction and irreversible impairment. It mainly affects the tiny joints of the hands and feet, with a symmetrical distribution on both sides, though any synovial joint can be affected.
Tendonitis, fasciitis, fibromyalgia, and bursitis are all examples of soft-tissue rheumatism, which affects the tissue around a joint, such as ligaments and tendons. STR encompasses a wide range of health issues, the majority of which are inadequately defined by diagnostic criteria and case definitions.
Different Types of Musculoskeletal Imaging Tools and Techniques
X-Ray
Ultrasound
Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
PET-CT and PET-MRI
Conclusion
Previously, musculoskeletal imaging techniques were primarily in the form of plain X-rays. However, it has numerous drawbacks in terms of seeing several soft-tissue disorders. Following that, the emergence of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool signaled the beginning of the non-radiation era. As a result, novel diagnostic imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were developed, allowing for the delineation of multidirectional and high-resolution information about a variety of other clinical disorders.
The ability to recognize the small changes in imaging findings between pathologic situations willaid in the diagnosis and treatment of MSK diseases.
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Some of the Latest Abstracts launched in EULAR 2022:
Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Highlights
Deucravacitinib: A Ray of Hope after a decade of wait! BMS plans to progress its potential game-changer oral TYK2 inhibitor into late-stage clinical development
Upadacitinib shows promising results for nr-axSpA treatment of patients with inadequate response to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Dual inhibition of IL-17A & IL-17F with bimekizumab may be a promising treatment option for AS, suggests BE MOBILE 2 trial
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