Wheezing while working out? It could be exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
It's normal to feel a little out of breath after a round of strenuous exercise. However, if a person experiences tightening of the chest, coughing, wheezing, and extreme fatigue during or after a workout, it could be exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB.)
EIA used to be called exercise-induced asthma (EIA) because sufferers of EIB experience many of the same symptoms as those with true asthma. People who have asthma, as well as people who don't, can have EIB.
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When a person breathes, he normally takes in air through his nose. The nasal passages warm and moisten the air inhaled. However, when a person exercises strenuously, he tends to take quick, shallow breaths through his mouth. The mouth isn't as effective at moistening inhaled air as the nose.
The air he breathes in is cooler and drier than it would've been had he inhaled through his nose. The coldness and dryness of the inhaled air trigger bronchoconstriction or the narrowing of the airways. This makes it difficult to move in and air out of the lungs during exercise.
EIB is often worse when a person exercises in cold, dry weather. Other triggers of EIB include allergens such as dust and pollen and respiratory infections.
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Diagnosing EIB is made difficult by the fact that its symptoms are often mistaken for the natural response of the body to unaccustomed exercise. The symptoms of EIB are also shared by various other medical conditions, such as cardiac arrhythmias and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD.)
To diagnose EIB, the doctor will administer a spirometry test to measure the patient's lung function at rest. This test serves to rule out underlying conditions, such as asthma or some other lung condition.
The doctor could order more diagnostic tests if the results of the spirometry are inconclusive. An exercise test, during which the patient will be asked to perform a strenuous exercise, allows the doctor to observe the patient's symptoms as they are triggered.
With the proper treatment, patients with EIB can prevent or lessen the severity of EIB symptoms and continue exercising.
Robert R. Beltran, M.D., is an otolaryngologist with more than 30 years of experience treating conditions of the eyes, ears, and neck. For more discussions on EIB, like this Facebook page.