Use Neuromuscular function
Normal Value 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L (minor variation is significant)
Regulation Kidneys primarily control balance and also smaller portion by intestines
Causes GI Fluid loss, NG suction, Diuretics, prolonged steroid use, Alkalosis, Diet Presentation Cardiac dysrhythmias, flat or inverted T waves, U wave present, Muscle weakness/paresthesias, Anorexia,N/V, Dilute Urine if prolonged
NOTE: Increased potential for digitalis toxicity (Digoxin)
Treatment - diet, K replacement (IV 20-40 mEq/L), Supplements
Nursing Interventions - Serum potassium, ECG, ABGs for Alkalosis, encourage consumption of Potassium rich foods, IV administration
Pharmacology - PO when possible. IV required for EKG abnormalities or GI inacessible or serum level <2 mEq/L
⏩ Potassium chloride (KCl): salt substitute
⏩ K-Lyte: powder mix with 4-6 oz juice or water
⏩ Potassium chloride (KCL): IV always dilute 40 mEq/L at most, set rate to 20 mEq/hr or less. Do not IVP
Assess - EKG monitoring, Assess renal function
Teach - Burning at injection site
Causes Renal failure, Histological trauma (burns, crush injuries), oversupplementation, severe infection, Acidosis.
Presentation ECG changes and dysrhythmias/ Cardiac arrest, Muscle weakness, possible respiratory impairment, Paresthesias, Anxiety, GI Fluid Loss
Treatment - ECG, Limitation of dietary potassium, Dialysis
Nursing Interventions - Serum K, mix IVs containing K+ well, monitor medication affects, dietary potassium restriction/dietary teaching for patients at risk. Hemolysis of blood specimen or drawing of blood above IV site may result in false laboratory result. Salt substitutes, medications may contain potassium
Potassium-sparing diuretics may cause elevation of potassium.
Should not be used in patients with renal dysfunction
Pharmacology:
⏩ Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) - cation exchange resin; excreted in feces; used with sorbitol (laxative effect) Administration: PO or Rectal
⏩ Sodium bicarbonate IV - 45 mEq over 5 minutes: rapid movement of K+ into cells
⏩ Calcium gluconate IV - Decrease cardiotoxic effects, Contraindicated if pt on digoxin, Insulin and glucose, Causes K+ to move into cells
Assess: ECG