A new USDA report examines the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of food desert "tracts", or areas where people have limited access to a variety of healthy and affordable food.
Food desert tracts have a greater concentration of all minorities, including Hispanics. In urban food deserts, this difference was nearly 70 percent in 1990, approximately 60 percent in 2000, and 53 percent in 2005-09. The proportion of minorities in rural food desert tracts is around 65 percent greater than in non-food desert tracts in 2005-09 and in 2000, down from an 80-percent difference in 1990.
These neighborhoods also tend to have lower levels of education, income, and employment. In rural food desert tracts, the proportion of the population with at least a bachelor's degree is 20 percent lower than in other rural areas; the difference is 47 percent for urban areas. The gap between unemployment rates in food deserts and in other tracts is even larger for urban areas than for rural: unemployment was about 60 percent higher in food deserts than other urban tracts in 2000.
In terms of mobility, food desert tracts tend to have smaller populations and abandoned or vacant homes are more prevalent in these tracts than in their counterparts. This reflects a general movement of households out of these neighborhoods, leaving behind smaller populations and abandoned homes. Data from urban food deserts also suggests that the percentage of households without access to vehicles is anywhere from 24 to 38 percent higher than in other urban areas. Access to a private vehicle plays a large role in determining the east of obtaining sufficient, healthy and affordable food.
For those of us that have been tuned into the food justice movement, this study does not come as a shock. Where can we find food deserts? In neighborhoods plagued with low income, low educational attainment and high unemployment. In the parts of town that are run-down, underinvested, and lacking in basic human services. In places where the majority of the population is composed of immigrants, minorities, and the forgotten.
I'm convinced that the access to fresh food remains a significant barrier for many low-income people around the country that keeps them in poverty. Not everyone has the luxury to linger in the aisles or buying free-range this or that, and living within reasonable distance of an actual grocery store is a dreamworld for some. There is no choice in feeding your family a cheap, easily accessible, fast food meal when you have to work three jobs or tend to a sick family member. For some, that situation is characterized by an "and" instead of an "or." The answer to this crisis is not found in a clever Twitter hashtag or a Pinterest board, which is why I'm happy to see a study that takes into consideration patterns that tie in with issues of accessibility. Education, employment, infrastructure. These are policy issues that we need to start addressing if we want to produce real results. How should we start? Well, I'm only a green 22 year-old trying to change the way we think about food, but something tells me we need to garner the support of living, breathing people outside of social media accounts and RT's. We need to start getting people to show up.