Hilbert's Fourth Problem by A. V. Pogorelov
Hilbert’s fourth problem, which involves finding all geometries where “ordinary lines” are “geodesics,” is both accessible and profound. While the problem can be appreciated by beginning graduate students, its solution requires tools from various branches of mathematics, including geometry, analysis, and the calculus of variations. A partial solution was provided by Georg Hamel in 1901. Later, A.…
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