I just scrolled past some character studies of Neanderthals by artist Tom Björklund on twitter. They definitely gave me Feelings. I just don’t know how to describe them?? Deep Appreciative Sadness? Idk.
I think you and I feel something very similar when we contemplate our lost genus-mates.
For me, it’s almost a sense of loss. We, of course, know nothing for certain about their cognition, but from what I understand, current research puts them on our level intellectually. We know they had tools that were comparable to those of the early Homo sapiens they shared the Earth with. They probably had nuanced languages just like we do. They were almost certainly as capable of complex, abstract thought as we are.
And they’re gone. They’re gone and we’ll never know for sure. And we’ll never know what it was like to not be so taxanomically alone.
Now granted, I imagine if H. neanderthalensis was still around today, it almost certainly would not be all sunshine and lollipops. Humans are clannish and inherently mistrustful of things that look Different, and Neanderthals and H. sapiens were very, very Different in the way they looked. We would be weird about them, and they would probably be weird about us.
A sapiens-neanderthalensis couple would likely be handled about as gracefully by society as any interracial couple is today; their children would probably face the same struggles to fit in as biracial kids. There would be horrible stereotypes about each others’ species, the same way there are horrible racial stereotypes. We would have derogatory terms for each other. There would be predominantly-sapiens neighborhoods and predominantly-neanderthalensis neighborhoods, and whenever a family of the “wrong” species moved in, people would get Weird about it.
But here’s the thing about H. sapiens sapiens: As suspicious as we are of things that are Different, we absolutely love things that are even a tiny bit Like Us.
So even though it would be awkward for or even scorned by some, that sapiens-neanderthalensis couple would absolutely exist, and would exist proudly and lovingly.
For every mailbox of a “wrong-species” house that was smashed, there would be a neighbor afterward who came quietly and knocked on the door, and offered a cake and a “welcome to the neighborhood, sorry about the Michaelsons, I promise we’re not all like that”.
There would be sapiens and neanderthalensis children laughing and chasing each other on a playground, not caring that their new best friend didn’t have brow ridges like the rest of her family--she likes polar bears and has a pink fidget spinner too, and that’s what’s really important.
For me, the feeling of loss comes from thinking about what could have been, if only the Neanderthals had been able to survive past the last ice age. (Or, depending on which theory you hold to, if we hadn’t killed them all.) They were an incredible species, so Like Us and yet so Different. The interaction between our two species--the conflicts, the wars, the hatred, the love, the cooperation, the joint struggle for survival as two incredibly unique species of ape--would have made for a very different world than the one we inhabit today.
A world some part of me really, truly wishes it could have seen, somehow.