Cuzco, Peru
Cuzco is popularly known as the historical capital of Peru (current capital is Lima) and is declared as such in its constitution. Its name Cuzco, (as the Peruvians call it) or Qosqo (southern Quechua), it's a national sign of identity commemorating struggle that was performed during the decoupling from the Spanish colonizing. Nowadays the ancient capital of the Inca empire was modified by the Spaniards with palaces, squares, churches, to make it today as one of the main tourist cities of Peru.
For instance, I know that most people heard about Cuzco because is the closest city to see Machu Pichu, but not! there's actually another place sort of a small town known as ''Aguas Calientes'' or ''Machu Pichu Town'' which is the actual place tourists use to stay near Machu Pichu.