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The invention of the modern theatre during the reign of Elizabeth I; ‘The Red Lion,’ the first permanent theatre built in London in 1567 fol

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Lost London: The Theatre

In 1572 the Mayor and Corporation of London banned all plays, as a means of dissuading strangers from gathering in crowds and thus spreading plague. Whilst this may seem similar to the social distancing measures and closure of many arts venues in 2020, things went a step further in 1575, when all players were formally banned from the City. This led to the construction of theatres outside of the jurisdiction of London, with building of the very first permanent theatre, and therefore recipient of the definitive article, starting in Shoreditch in 1576 by James Burbage.

No complete records of The Theatre’s appearance survive, though it is known to have been a timber frame with a tiled roof, be polygonal in its footprint (probably an octagon), and had three galleries surrounding an open yard and a thrust stage. For the price of a penny, attendees would have watched plays standing in the yard, whilst extra pennies would allow admittance to the galleries, and the option of a stool for sitting down.

The Theatre played host to a number of acting companies, including Leicester’s Men, of which James Burbage was a member, followed by the Admiral’s Men, to which James’s son Richard belonged, and later the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, for whom Richard Burbage was the lead actor, and also had in their employ one William Shakespeare as poet, playwright and actor. Many of Shakespeare’s earlier plays had their début at The Theatre.

This first permanent playhouse was not to last long; in 1598, following a dispute with the landlord, The Theatre was dismantled. Its timbers were ferried over the Thames, where they were used in the construction of the first iteration of the Globe, on a site around 230 m from the current modern reconstruction. The site of The Theatre was for many years marked simply by two plaques on Curtain Road in Shoreditch, though recently The Theatre Courtyard Gallery has been built on the site, and will house an exhibition of Shakespearean and Elizabethan artefacts, including those found from archaeological investigations, and there will also be part of The Theatre’s foundations on show.

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Oxford, Vitruvius, and Burbage's "round" Theatre

Oxford, Vitruvius, and Burbage’s “round” Theatre

So far as I know, Shakespeare scholar Frances Yates (1899-1981) was the first to attempt an explanation for how a working class bloke like James Burbage came to know the classical Latin of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, since to her it seemed questionable that in constructing his big public theater in 1576, Burbage, all on his own, could have come up with something that matched so closely…

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Post-Curtain Theatre History

It’s rectangular. This changes everything. (AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth)

I suspect that my generation of theatre historians will look back on this day as a game changing moment: the Curtain has been dug up in Shoreditch, and it’s nothing like what we expected. I’m too young to remember the announcement of the Rose dig, which also shattered a lot of received narratives. It probably felt similarly…

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At Shakespeare’s Theatre In Shoreditch | Spitalfields Life Over in Shoreditch, just a few minutes walk from Spitalfields, is the site of a seventeenth century playhouse called ‘The Theatre’ built by James Burbage in 1576, where William Shakespeare’s career as a dramatist began.