Murat as grand duke of Berg
It’s probably not very polite towards Eugène to post something for his arch-rival Murat on Eugène’s birthday. But I had been looking for something about Murat’s time as grand-duke of Berg for what feels like an eternity for @joachimnapoleon , had been excited to find the text below, had not immediately translated and posted it, had forgotten about it, could not find it anymore, and now that I’ve come across it again I’ll post it, period.
(Plus, Eugène, you used to not celebrate your birthday anyway, and I would need to look up your sister’s letters to find out when your name day is. So there.)
There actually is quite a long and detailed accout of the grand-duchy that I came across, however, written in Cologne, 1877, six years after the Franco-Prussian war. The author didn’t have many nice things to say about Murat, let’s put it that way.
This brief passage however is taken from »Regenten und Volksgeschichte der Länder Cleve, Mark, Jülich, Berg und Ravensberg«, Volume 3, by Dr. J. F. Knapp. Published a lot earlier, in 1836, and in Krefeld, a city that had been under French rule for many years, before becoming Prussian (again) in 1814. And this author seems to look back with some nostalgia and to see the era and particularly Murat in a much more positive light:
By a proclamation of the Emperor Napoleon of 15 March, the two duchies of Cleve and Berg were granted in full sovereignty to Prince Joachim Murat and his natural lawful male heirs with hereditary succession in these lands, and at the same time the dignity of Grand Admiral of France was hereditarily conferred on the Prince and his descendants.
Actually, Murat had become Grand Admiral (and prince) in February 1804, afaik. But quite probably nobody in Berg had ever heard about it before.
The true meaning of these arrangements was expressed by the Prince-Archchancellor of the French Empire [...]
That would be Cambacérès, I presume.
[…] in the speech he gave in the Senate on 21 March: "Prince Murat has been entrusted with the guardianship of an important part of the Empire's borders. Could His Majesty entrust this to worthier hands?"
On 20 March, the former governor of the Duchy of Berg, Duke Wilhelm von Baiern, left Düsseldorf with his family. This amiable prince, to whom the people of Berg were very devoted, took an affectionate farewell from the country by a decree dated 20 March 1806.
On a sidenote: This Duke Wilhelm is Berthier’s future father-in-law. The aforementioned family consisted of him, his wife (a sister to King Max Joseph of Bavaria), his daughter Elisabeth (future Madame Berthier) and his son Pius who, as an adult, by his violent conduct would manage to get himself into prison. In Bavaria. As a Wittelsbach. - Pius also is the paternal grandfather of future empress Elisabeth of Austria (Sissi).
While only a short time before, on 17 January, the elevation of Maximilian Joseph to the royal dignity on 1 January 1806 had been proclaimed in Düsseldorf and received with the sincere joy of loyal subjects and even celebrated with festivities, people now received with all the greater sadness the news that from now on the fate of the country was to be entrusted to an imposed foreigner instead of the established native prince.
I have a feeling that the last paragraph was necessary for the book to be allowed to be published in Prussian territory. Just to put things in perspective: The "established native prince" (Max Joseph of Bavaria) resided in Munich, had only inherited the duchy in 1799, had spent all his youth in France and, to my knowledge, had never even visited the region of Berg since he had become elector.
Joachim personally showed much inclination to win the trust of his subjects. He sought to alleviate their plight by importing a considerable amount of grain from the left bank of the Rhine. Even during his imminent departure, he did not forget his new duties. A deputation of merchants from the two duchies, which he had summoned to Paris, had to present their wishes and opinions to him in order to further improve trade and factories. Even when he was in Poland, he obtained favourable trade concessions for the Elberfelders from the Emperor in Warsaw. On 26 January 1807, he issued a detailed decree from Warsaw on the pension status of civil servants, their widows and children. After thirty years of service, every civil servant was to have the right to demand retirement; also, all pension payments were now firmly secured and accurately determined according to the ratio of salaries. He never denied his attitude of admitting in any case that his subjects should be regarded as French subjects, and often, in opposition to the Emperor's will, he openly expressed it and sought to assert it. Without scientific education, he nevertheless had proper tact, which replaced many a theoretical knowledge. He abhorred injustice, cunning and intrigues against everyone in his characteristic military straightforwardness. It is true that his minister Agar was a Frenchman, but he had not entrusted him with this important post for that reason, but because he held him in high esteem personally. On the contrary, he was averse to Frenchmen filling the posts of civil servants, however much he was approached by them. To several French military officers whom he employed in the contingent in 1807, he explicitly made it a duty to honour his choice and to never forget that they were now no longer in French but in German service, with a prince who was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine. Flattery was repugnant to him, and he was often heard to say in the course of the audiences he gave: People are not sincere, and seek to achieve their ends by fine phrases, because they think him weak enough to lend his ear to flattery. "For," he said, "it is impossible that I should be loved in this country, since I have not yet done anything for it; but they will love me, I assure you!"
I can’t help but think that some of this was written intentionally as a slight to the Prussians who ruled the region at the time, and who were very much disliked all throughout the country. "Remember when we had that ‘eeevil’ Frenchman here? Man, those were the days..."