#joining nouns

[daily-klingon]

Conjunctions - ghap

ghap means or, just as joq does. ghap goes at the end of the nouns it is connecting. Unlike joq, ghap is an exclusive or - either one option or the other will be valid, not both.

pung HoS ghap Da’angnIS You must show either mercy or power

[daily-klingon]

Conjunctions - joq

Like je, joq joins two nouns together in a sentence.

Unlike je, joq is or - one or the other, or both.

DaHjaj ro’qegh‘Iwchab, pIpyuS pach, targh tIq joq DaSoplaH Today, you can eat Rokeg blood pie, pipius claw or heart of targ.

[daily-klingon]

Conjunctions - je

It’s now time to start learning about conjunctions. Conjunctions are words which join sentences together; they also join sequences of nouns together.

We normally have and and or as our main conjunctions; however, Klingon uses seven; three conjunctions to join nouns, three to join sentences, and a seventh conjunction.

The three conjunctions that join together words are:-

je and

joq or

ghap exclusive or

je and

je is used to join nouns together. je comes after the nouns they connect.

Examples:-

tach ‘el wa’ tlhIngan, wa’ tera’ngan, wa’ romuluSngan je A Klingon, a human and a Romulan entered a bar

betleH meqleH ‘etlh bIH nuHmeywIj’e’ My weapons are a betleH, a meqleH and a sword

je can also be used as an adverb, following a verb, to denote also or too:-

vIleghpu’ je I also saw him

Soj wISoppu’ jaghpu’ DISuvpu’ je We ate. We also fought some enemies.