#kliuchevskoi

[pepperjunkie]

Kliuchevskoi volcano major eruption, 1994, from Space Shuttle Endeavour..

[earthstory]

Water coming out of the Earth

Volcanic explosions are driven mostly by water and carbon dioxide. When magma is at pressure inside the Earth, it can dissolve small amounts of water and carbon dioxide – compounds we’d call “volatile” since they form vapors at the Earth’s surface.

Inside the Earth, these volatiles will dissolve in magma just like carbon dioxide dissolved in a soft drink; release the pressure and the gas will start bubbling out.

Eruptions at volcanoes like this one, Kliuchevskoi on the Kamchatka Peninsula, are driven by volatiles. As magma rises towards Earth’s surface, the volatiles separate from the magma, forming gas bubbles that push their way up to the surface and drive explosions.

How do these volatiles get inside the Earth? In the case of Kamchatka, it’s actually coming from the Pacific Plate. Kamchatka sits atop a subduction zone, where the Pacific plate sinks into the mantle beneath the Asian continental plate.

The plate sinking into the mantle is covered with sediments including hydrocarbons and clays – compounds that contain carbon dioxide and water. On top of that, the rocks of the oceanic plate itself have been exposed to the waters of the ocean; those rocks will alter, soaking up water and making minerals like serpentine and chlorite that can store water as well.

When the oceanic plate sinks into the mantle, it is heated so much that the minerals break down and the volatiles are released. Eventually, some of those volatiles make it back to the surface, pouring out of volcanic cones in clouds like you see from Kliuchevskoi. Most of the gas escaping from this volcano, and the driving force behind this eruption, is previously-subducted water. 

-JBB

Image credit: NASA/ISS https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasamarshall/11894452484/

[humanoidhistory]

September 30, 1994: The eruption of Russia’s Kliuchevskoi volcano, as seen from 115 miles up aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. (NASA)

[earthstory]

Kliuchevskoi complex from space. A group of active stratovolcanoes in Russia's far eastern Kamchatka peninsula was snapped in activity a couple of weeks ago from the International Space Station. The ISS allows photos to be taken from different perspectives (by offering a variety of viewing angles) allowing more three dimensionality to enter the image, unlike satellite images which are taken looking straight down and therefore flatten the sense of relief. Loz Image credit NASA, expedition 38, taken November 16 2013 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82471&src=ve

[earthstory]

Kliuchevskoi

The tallest mountain (also transliterated from Cyrillic as Klyuchevskoy, 4835M) in Russia's far eastern Kamchatka peninsula is also its most active stratovolcano, with a fairly continuous record of eruption during the last 6,000 years. Its eruption products are basaltic, accounting for about half of Kamchatka's total yearly output, and the mountain is surrounded by flank vents and scoria cones.

Loz

Image credit: Vulcanologia Esia

http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/klyuchevskoy/news.html http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/klyuchevskoy/news.html

[hydraprisma]

Kliuchevskoi Volcano, Russia 

One of the first photos taken by the crewmembers on launch day of the Space Shuttle Endeavour was this 70mm frame of the Kliuchevskoi volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. The volcano was near its peak at this time. The large, black eruption plume billows from the summit, as ash is being deposited on the snow-covered region to the east and southeast (north is to upper left). A small steam plume rises from the peak of Bezymianny just south of Kliuchevskoi (or just right of center). As various members of the six-person crew were using handheld cameras to record the eruption, hardware in Endeavour’s cargo bay was taking radar data of the event in support of the Space Radar Laboratory (SRL-2) project.  30 Sept. 1994 Credits: NASA

[ghrebaahd]

Kliuchevskoi The tallest mountain in Russia أحد أعلى الجبال فى روسيا