A Millennium Before Taleb: Khayyam’s Epistemological Protocol and the Logic of the Black Swan
Khayyam’s Philosophy SeriesKam Austine Abstract This article argues that Omar Khayyam’s epistemic protocol, articulated in Risāla fī al-Kawn wa al-Taklīf (On the World and the Duty, c. 1080 CE), constitutes a formally complete account of the conditions under which knowledge is legitimate — and that its violation is the logical structure underlying the epistemic failure Nassim Nicholas Taleb…











