Aug 27, 2020
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Test #1: how much do we really know about history
When looking deeper into the history that has shaped the Ovahimba, I would have never guessed that such events could have even occurred. Some of these topics are not very known when looking into what is being shown to us in the media, everything else is pretty much swept under the rug. Below is a few event that have shaped the Ovahimba people located in Namibia,
Today I will go through a couple of these events, getting in more detail and what each have affected.
1904-1907
The Herero and Namaque Genocide which was the killing of about 50,000 to 65,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama at the hand of German military forces. In 1884, Germany began to formally colonize GSWA (German South West Africa). Several separate native communities, including the Herero, Nama, Damara, San, and Ovambo, lived in the area freely before to colonization. Numerous indigenous communities were subjected to forced labor, land confiscation, and cattle theft during the German occupation.Under the direction of Chief Samuel Maharero, the Herero people launched a massive armed uprising in January 1904 in opposition to the harsh German colonial government. Approximately 123 German colonial settlers were slaughtered by the Herero as a result of the German ruling forces' lack of preparation for the attack. May of 1904, Lieutenant General Lothar von Trotha Supreme Commander of GSWA arrived in GSWA. The Battle of Waterberg killed around 3,000-5,000 Herero warriors, yet some of the Herero were able to escape and headed deep into the Omaheke Desert. Unfortunately the German colonial military forces pursued those who escaped and sadly thousand dies from being shot, from starvation or dehydration, and drinking from bad water. He proceeded to have all males shot at whether armed or not, forcing women and children back to their people and if they did not do so they would be shot at as well. November of 1904, Trotha was overturned and had the remaining Herero put into concentration camps such as the Shark island concentration camp with a mortality rate of 47%-74%. By 1905, the following two years the Nama people in the South fought the Germans using guerrilla tactics, any caught were sent to the same concentration camp as the Herero.
1966-1989
This 23 year long Border war between South Africa and Angola, Angola government and army, all which was supported by Cuban forces as well as a liberation movement UNITA. During the 1960s, racially discriminatory separation caused many in South Africa to resist. Their armed resistance although mounted on black liberation movements, were acts of terrorism directed by the African National Congress, were just "pin pricks". Another tactic was guerrilla movements, against the South African rule in Southwest Africa, later independent Namibia. The collapse of the Portuguese rule in Angola allowed SWAPO (South West African People's Organization) to be able to organize and aid military equip to the people. Unfortunately not everyone was willing to allow/sacrifice their people for the anti-apartheid military campaigns. Yet as for Angola, the Soviet Union provided military machinery, equipment as well as training/trainers.Angola saw around 380,000 Cuban military soldiers stationed there between 1975 and 1991, with a peak level of roughly 55,000. Regardless of whether Angolan or Cuban soldiers entered SWA, the front line would move several hundred miles/kilometers south to the border with South Africa proper if SWAPO acquired control of or destabilized SWA. Although the strategic reasons behind the Border War were not immediately existential for South Africa, they were nonetheless existential because of the possibility of challenges to the nation's territorial integrity.Additionally, there existed a paramilitary internal security organization called Koevoet, which was initially staffed by white South Africans. By using black forces, the number of casualties among white draftees was reduced, which in turn served to reduce political controversy surrounding the Border War. SWAPO was an issue for South Africa. South Africa would not have given a damn that Angola was a Marxist state backed by Soviet equipment and advisors, and that a sizable number of Cubans, including Fidel Castro, were supporting the Angolan government, if SWAPO had not been operating out of Angolan bases. Castro and the Soviet Union grew to believe that South Africa was attempting to overthrow the Angolan Marxist regime in addition to waging a strategic defensive.
2023
Indigenous peoples' rights to self-determination with regard to their claims to lands, territories, and resources have garnered support and attention on a variety of levels throughout the world. Nevertheless, an increasing number of rulings from national and regional courts, UN human rights bodies, and complaint mechanisms show that Indigenous Peoples are still the targets of violations of their human rights connected to commercial and development endeavors, whether by the government or by private entities. As part of their "social license to operate," an increasing number of investors, financial institutions, and companies across a variety of industries have created or are in the process of creating safeguard policies that mandate that they respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, particularly their right to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). This development follows the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The Himba people have lived in the Kunene River valley for almost 500 years, making it their ancestral home. With prosperous herds of up to 500 cattle, sheep, and goats per family, they have managed to preserve their way of life. Their cattle and land are strongly related to their economic independence. They have adapted their semi-nomadic pastoral style of life to the severe climate, having had to wander between cattle posts in search of better grazing and water for their animals. The Namibian Constitution prevents discrimination based on ancestry or tribe, however it makes no mention of the rights of Indigenous Peoples. The Himba people need to be able to proactively establish their own goals, policies, and regulations for their lands and resources. Their society, their territory, the lands it includes, and the various resources it contains should all be under their complete authority. By creating or recording their community protocols, the Himba will be able to fully exercise their right to self-governance and enjoy the collective right to self-determination through their own decision-making procedures.
Here are some recent and older documentaries to show some insight on the Ovahimba, as well as a cite that shows different documentaries on the historic events that have taken place overtime.
53m
One may be forgiven for being awestruck by the Himba. Statuesque beauty, ochre skin & intricate accessories have captivated visitors for cen
by Siziwe Mota, International Rivers Africa Program Director of International Rivers and introduction by Nalori Chakma, South Asia Senior Pr
Reading South African accounts of the 23-year long Border War between South Africa and the Angolan liberation movement UNITA on the one hand
Air pollution in the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-20th century cooled the upper half of the planet and pushed rain bands south, contributi
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