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so I was thinking about the PIE laryngeals.

From what I’ve seen the usual pronunciations suggested are something like h1 = [h]/[ʔ], h2 = [x]/[χ], h3 = [ʕw]/[ɣw]. But, well, it looks like things are typologically neater if the laryngeals line up with the three velar series.

Again, there are good arguments that the ḱ series are actually plain velar and the k series are uvular (mostly based on the fact that, otherwise, the marked series ḱ and kw are present a lot more than expected, and more than plain velars).

This would suggest the pronunciations: h1 = [x], h2 = [χ], h3 = [xw]. This explains h2 and h3′s a-colouring and rounding effects respectively. If the plain velars had palatal allophones (making h1 = [x]/[ç]), that could explain h1′s i-colouring effects as well.

It avoids having to add a whole bunch of extra places of articulation to the PIE phonology but would be lacking [h] which might seem odd given the presence of aspirates but, well, the usual reconstruction has them as breathy-voiced rather than true aspirates anyway so that might not be too big a problem (I’m not sure how breathy-voice compares to aspirates when it comes to lacking [h] though). Some forms of the glottalic theory might also get around this problem.

Yeah, idk. I’m sure this has been raised by people who know far more about proto-indo-european linguistics than I do so, like, what’s with that?

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