Manufacturing Process Meaning,Types and attributes
The manufacturing process can basically be defined in two ways.
Technologically
and
Economically
Technologically manufacturing can be defined as the set of physical and/or chemical processes to transform the raw material into the desired size, shape with required properties and characteristics, surface finish, and closed tolerances. Economically manufacturing is the value addition process.it convert low-value row material to high value finished product. The need for the manufacturing process is to make goods and services for human beings to fulfill requirements and improve the stander of living.
Types of Manufacturing Processes
The manufacturing process can be classified as below.
Forming
Forming converts metallic components to other shapes without changing mass or material composition and maintain cohesion within partials by deforming. (Not by removing, cutting, shredding or braking any component or portion)Bending, spinning, drawing, and stretching are the example of the forming process. The metal press such as die and punching tools used for the forming process. The main benefit of this process is that the verity of the product can be made using the same equipment just by changing the dies. This process generally required heat treatment as post-processing.
Also Read:
Heat Treatment Processes and Types
Annealing heat treatment process and its types
Normalizing heat treatment process
Material removing processes
In this category, the products are made by removing unwanted material from the row or stock material. Different types of machine tools and machine attachments are used in this process. Machine tools are considered the foundation of the advance industry. The machining process have some import subcategory.
Conventional Machining & Non-conventional Machining
The traditional method of trimming away the unwanted material in the form of chip comes under the conventional machining. In conventional machining, material is removed on a large scale. Operations on lathe, milling machining, and shaping machine are the example of the conventional machining. Non-conventional machining process uses the light, electric spark, chemical, and sonic power, superheated gas, and high energy beam from exotic materials by implementing modern technology.
Joining
Some complex and critical parts are economically not viable to manufacture a single part, there joining comes in to play. Joining is also implemented to fulfilling some design needs. In joining simpler shape parts are brought to gather to produce complex assemblies. Bolting, welding, shouldering, adhesive joining are the example of this category.
Casting
In the casting process, the solid is converted to the liquid by applying the appropriate temperature (maybe change its chemical formula). The property of the liquid to take up the shape of the vessel contains it is the fundamental of the casting. Molten metal poured into mound flows into corners and fill the voids. When metal solidifies it takes shape of the mold but doesn’t take exact shape because solid being denser and that causes a reduction in volume (2 to 4 %)For obtaining the correct dimension factor comes in play which is called shrinkage.
Material property modification processes
These process changes the material property and characteristic to achieve the required function without changing its shape. These processes have two subcategories.
Bulk property modification
In these processes, the property and characteristics of the entire component are modified (not a portion of component).Various types of heat treatment processes like annealing, hardening, normalizing, tempering come under this category.
Surface property modification
In these processes, the property and characteristics of structure and chemical composition near the surface are modified the fulfilled the required function and increase the life of the component. Case hardening and costing are an example of this process.
Manufacturing attributes
Manufacturing attributes are considered while making manufacturing decisions are listed blew.CostTimeFlexiblyQualitySafely, health and environment