Kawasan Megalitik Lore Lindu Menuju World Heritage UNESCO 2021
Kawasan Megalitik Lore Lindu Menuju World Heritage UNESCO 2021
PALU, beritapalu | Kawasan Megalitik Lore Lindu ditargetkan akan masuk dalam daftar World Heritage atau Warisan Budaya Dunia di United Nation Education, Scientific and Culture Organization (UNESCO) tahun 2021.
Kawasan megalit Pokokea dilembah Napu. (Foto: bmzIMAGES/Basri Marzuki)
Kepala Unit Pelaksana Teknis Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Gorontalo Zakaria Kasimin mengatakan saat ini tahapannya…
Lingkaran Goseck adalah struktur Neolitik di Goseck di distrik Burgenlandkreis di Saxony-Anhalt, Jerman. Terdiri dari satu set saluran konsentris 75 meter dan dua cincin Palisade berisi gerbang di tempat-tempat tertentu
Lingkaran ini diperkirakan adalah Observatorium Matahari yang diketahui paling awal di dunia. Interpretasi dari cincin menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang Eropa zaman Neolitik dan zaman…
Remembering Time-Time of Glory Megalithic Tradition in Bondowoso
City Bondowoso In the struggle for independence, the city is remembered for 'his Maut' Gate tragedy. However, researchers prefer to call it history as the richest historical sites megalithic era. Bondowoso city was still save priceless riches. The students of history and archeology are often called 'treasure' was a tradition megalithic (large stone, Red) or commonly referred to as megalithic culture.
A wealth far beyond riches belong to other districts in the province. From the latest research results of experts, in 1998, be concluded that deserved Bondowoso megalithic tradition is the richest in East Java. But I'm not sure when measured across Indonesia, "said Kayan Swastika, an expert on the history, told Reuters recently. What people are saying Kayan is not making it up. As a historian who has been working at the Teachers' Training College and University PGRI Jember, Kayan has reviewed the particulars of this tradition for many years.
In addition to the sarcophagus, also found Dolmen (15), Stone Kenong (65), and a statue of the ancestors. In Pujer also found relics of megalithic tradition in the form of 80 pieces Dolmen, Kenong Stone (12), and five appliances. In District Tlogosari found five buha Yoni, Relief (1), sarcophagus (10), dolmens (4), Stone Kenong (15), and a household appliance. While District Wonosari only store 30 pieces Dolmen, District Wringin save 67 buha sarcophagus, Menhir (1), Stone Kenong (15), appliance (10), and two natural caves.
R Van Heine Geldern, a researcher from the Netherlands, in his book Das Megalitihen Problem (1959), explains that there are two traditions era megelitik known people, namely tradition megalithic megalithic tradition young and old. "The old tradition developed in the Neolithic or the cultivation, while developing young during perundagian," Kayan said. Megaliths (huge stone building, Red) produced in the old megalithic tradition, said Kayan, many activities associated with the worship of the spirits of ancestors that took place at that time. Penginggalannya be Menhir, Dolmen, terraces, Tables, and Chairs Stone. While penginggalan young megalithic tradition dominated by burial places. Megaliths produced in this era usually Arca Primitives, sarcophagus, Karanda, Grave Stone Container, and Pandhusa (Dolmen as a burial). However, in its development, both types of the megalithic tradition intermingle, overlap, to form local variations, "Kayan said.
This is also why the archaeologists Indonesia is relatively difficult to find the boundary line between young and old megalithic tradition. Because, in some cases the monuments mentioned in old megalithic still used to enter the period considered young.
Even so, the researchers agreed that history Bondowoso district falling within predicted younger age megalithic tradition, which lasted very long until the XIV century BC. HR Van Hakeren, in his book The Stone Age of Indonesia (1972), even specifying that Dolmen Bondowoso place between early era around 2500-2000 BCE BCE. The description of this time seen from Dolmen Pakauman Village, District Grujugan, located about 5 km south of the city Bondowoso. Of origin said, Breton (in northern England), "Dol" means "table" and "Men" is the "rock".
The majority of the people speak Madura Bondowoso call Betoh Front (stone table). Dolmen is, obviously Kayan, a local heritage. He is no longer a means of worship, but serves as a burial (funeral place). The body was placed in the bottom, between the legs of Dolmen. In it there are various provisions grave (give funeral). Were discovered in recent years, such as pottery, metal objects of bronze, and beads of baked clay. Included in the grave, since they are considered as favorite The Dead. This shows the level of thought, which refers to the ways the community treatment in those days the ancestors.
In its early development, Dolmen used for ceremonies associated with the worship of ancestral spirits. Stone table is usually to put the goal in order to ancestral spirits down to earth and gave the blessing and protection for the community, "he explained. Sarcophagus - or known as the Tomb Stone - also found in the city's Tape. Locals call it pandhusa (stretcher corpse, Madura).
Raw material sarcophagus, is a conglomerate rock made up the container and lid. According to research experts, the raw material used to make this historic objects are rocks in the vicinity of the site. Large stones were carved like making stone graves in Toraja Land. Sarcophagus estimated time of year to two years per unit. Of course, with costs. "It is certain, too, that the author is a special person who respected as a leader of the time," Kayan said.
The sarcophagus in the form of elongated shaped stone monoliths dicekungkan the middle. Glance it looked like a mortar. On it there is a stone lid separately with the same shape, so cekungnya inside. Generally above the lid there are also ornate carvings depicting ancestors. Usually ornament that resembles a lizard or a picture of human faces with bulging eyes. Of the five where the discovery of archaeological sites in Bondowoso, only one of the most unique. In the form of a statue in the village ancestors Pakauman Grujugan District.
Locals call it betoh nyae (gammer rock, Madura). HR Van Hakkeren classify these stones as sculpture or statue Menhir steattopigic type. Statues of this type are called type ancestor sculpture sbagai Polynesia. Betoh nyae has a height 153 cm and 52 cm thick. Measures 60 cm chest circumference, head circumference was 46 cm. He was in the middle of the tobacco plantation owned by the people. To reach out and witness this historic objects more freely, we must wait for the arrival time of planting seeds. The problem is, when it's all overgrown stone yet belong to the people, so it seems obvious. It was when we were lucky to find a friendly attitude of farmers. Because plantation owners often get angry at anyone who approached the statue, unless we are willing to compensate for their crops damaged by trampling feet.
Loss of one hand betoh nyae recently estimated intentionally destroyed by local farmers, because of resentment against the presence of the investigators at the scene, about three months ago. Prehistoric stone, not only in their fields, even in the current factory production. Pelinggihan (throne, Madura) or commonly known as the Throne of Stone, who is also the only one found in Bondowoso, stored intact in a factory which is located back to betoh nyae.
The stone consists of a flat base and backrest. According to experts, the Rock Chair is made for important leaders (chiefs or clergy). He also serves as a worship ceremony in conjunction with the ancestral spirits. "Sometimes things mystical still characterize the presence of stones in the factory," Kayan said.
Megalithic Culture Bondowoso increasingly equipped with the dozens of stone Kenong around betoh nyae, sarcophagus, and Dolmen. This stone is shaped like a drum, which on one side has a bulge like kenong (Javanese gamelan equipment). In the village Pakauman Grujugan District, the number of the most other districts, such as Tlogosari. In fact, they were scattered in the middle of the moor (dry rice).
In the village of Kamal, District Arjasa, Jember, about 10 miles south district Grujugan, Bondowoso, Watu Kenong number in the hundreds. They are scattered in the courtyard houses, rice fields, rivers, and at the edges of the lane. In this area, a lot of Watu Kenong missing. In fact, local police several times managed to 'secure' the following evidence to arrest the suspect thief. Based on the results of a comparative study about the tradition of megalithic structures in various regions in Indonesia by experts,
relics of this type is thought to function as a means of worship ceremony to invoke something to substances higher. Lodging Pakauman, Bondowoso, Kayan said, suggesting function as pedestals (foundation support) building. The bumps on the rock serves as a barrier of wooden blocks that serve as the girder (main poles, Java). That is, for the building of wooden blocks can not be separated from the pedestals. Geographically, relics of megalithic tradition is situated 192 km south-east of the city of Surabaya. Surrounded by Mount Argopuro, Krincing, conch, Saeng, and Mount Autumn. Precisely on the west side of Mount roar, Lampe, Suket, Kalisat Jampit, Malung, and Lebang or Ijen Mountains region.
Unfortunately, due to the locations of archaeological objects is easily accessible to the public - very close to population - actually adversely affect condition. As a result, the care of historic objects that could not be done optimally. Some fragments of some of the things that seems separated from his unit, but not too much scattered. Some stones also appear collapsed Dolmen buffer, and partly broken sarcophagus. In fact, the pieces scattered around the house residents. In fact, from the ancient stones that we can recall ever Megalithic tradition.
