"Mercy is innocence, so it can not be a guest in every heart."
Chaldun, Ibn “Geography is Destiny” is taken from the original work of 1377 “Muqaddima”, presented by Turkish philosopher Mesud Topal. Critically interlinking the ideas of Chaldun and the inability of (Islamic) World to truly live the essential requirements of tolerance, education, justice and peace.
"The Right can just be protected with justice."
Not present in the collective consciousness, in the flow of history overshadowed by other great thinkers such as Avicenna and Averroes, forgotton at the tipping point of the former height of the Islamic world and detached by the rising Europe, I would like to present an enriching and progressive thinker, who, due to his wealth of ideas, no matter what effort, can only be presented fragmentarily in terms of its size and foresight:
Ibn Chaldun (*1332) is considered the first historian of the Islamic world. His achievements in the field of sociological research are outstanding and his understanding of history shows a polyvalent and profound analysis.
Perhaps he is the first to show the various interconnections and influences of geography (from weather to the borders) on human life, therefore its Qadar (~ fate) and thus on the development of dynasties. [Cf. Ptolemy “Tetrabiblos” - the influence of stars and planets, based on place on birth]
"The strength of a government can only be based on justice, courage in truth and mercy."
In his work "Mukkaddime" (Turkish spelling) further aspects are analyzed, such as the duties of a government towards its population (main task: Ensuring peace, welfare, justice) or how the individual as part of society - (according to Aristotle's zoon politikon + al-Farabi "The Virtuos City" depiction of an idealized state, see Plato "Politeia") has a special obligation to continuously work and constantly educate oneself.
"Man is an entity that denies not having understood his own mind."
Acquiring knowledge is an essential part of Islamic values. Already Hz. Muhamed used to say "And if knowledge is in China, strive!" Because only healthy, intelligent people can form a healthy and sustainable system of government. Therefore, man's main goal should be to acquire knowledge and education, to approuch to the Truth and to learn how to distinguish right from wrong. (the confusion of concepts leads to irreparable damage, the Truth and the Right are no longer protected because they are no longer recognized = beacon of moral apostasy)
"Man does not die of hunger, but because of habits."
Ibn Chaldun also places a special requirement on the state to guarantee the education of its citizens, for "to leave a man uneducated is to lose him."
Also he states that the transfer of knowledge should not falter and sets requirements to teachers who are supposed to be competent and learning methods of "authority, memorization and undisputed constraints" hinder the enlightment of the learner, because it is particularly significant to illuminate why it is so important to aspire education .
Ibn Chaldun repeatedly emphasizes that there is no other salvation for man than constant striving and learning. Only education leads to salvation and so the individual should strive for he has the duty not only towards society and God, but especially for the one's own happiness.