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1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ×Sign into your Wajam account and discover what your friends have shared

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1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision

Mk 15 nuclear bomb

of the type lost when jettisoned after the collision Midair Collision summary Date February 5, 1958 Summary

Midair collision

Site

Tybee Island, Georgia

United States

32°0′N 80°51′W

Coordinates

32°0′N 80°51′W

First aircraft Type

Boeing B-47

Operator

United States Air Force

Registration

51-2349 Fatalities 0 Second aircraft Type

F-86

Sabre Operator United States Air Force Crew 1 Survivors 1

The Tybee Island B-47 crash was an incident on February 5, 1958, in which the United States Air Force lost a 7,600-pound (3,400 kg) Mark 15 nuclear bomb in the waters off Tybee Island near Savannah, Georgia, United States. During a practice exercise, an F-86 fighter plane collided with the B-47 bomber carrying the bomb. To protect the aircrew from a possible detonation in the event of a crash, the bomb was jettisoned. Following several unsuccessful searches, the bomb was presumed lost somewhere in Wassaw Sound off the shores of Tybee Island.

Contents

1 Midair collision

2 Bomb

3 Recovery efforts

4 Ongoing concerns

5 In popular media

6 See also

7 Notes

8 References

9 External links

Midair collision

Crash site

Atlanta Georgia

The B-47 bomber was on a simulated combat mission from Homestead Air Force Base in Florida. It was carrying a single 7,600-pound (3,400 kg) bomb. At about 2:00 AM, an F-86 fighter collided with the B-47. The F-86 crashed, after the pilot ejected from the plane. The damaged B-47 remained airborne, plummeting up to 18,000-foot (5,500 m) while Major Richardson regained flight control.[1][2]

The crew requested permission to jettison the bomb, in order to reduce weight and prevent the bomb from exploding during an emergency landing. Permission was granted, and the bomb was jettisoned at 7,200 feet (2,200 m) while the bomber was traveling at about 200 knots (370 km/h). The crew did not see an explosion when the bomb struck the sea. They managed to land the B-47 safely at the nearest base, Hunter Air Force Base. The pilot, Colonel Howard Richardson, was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross after this incident.[2]

Bomb

Some sources describe the bomb as a functional nuclear weapon, but others describe it as disabled. If the bomb had a plutonium nuclear core installed, it was a fully functional weapon. If the bomb had a dummy core installed, it was incapable of producing a nuclear explosion but could still produce a conventional explosion. The 12-foot (4 m) long Mark 15 bomb weighs 7,600 pounds (3,400 kg) and bears the serial number 47782. It contains 400 pounds (180 kg) of conventional high explosives and highly enriched uranium.[3] The Air Force maintains that the bomb's nuclear capsule, used to initiate the nuclear reaction, was removed before its flight aboard B-47.[4] As noted in the Atomic Energy Commission "Form AL-569 Temporary Custodian Receipt (for maneuvers)", signed by the aircraft commander, the bomb contained a simulated 150-pound cap made of lead.[5] But according to 1966 Congressional testimony by then Assistant Secretary of Defense W.J. Howard, the Tybee Island bomb was a "complete weapon, a bomb with a nuclear capsule," and one of two weapons lost by that time that contained a plutonium trigger.[6][7] Nevertheless, a study of the Strategic Air Command documents indicates that in February 1958, Alert Force test flights (with the older Mark 15 payloads) were not authorized to fly with nuclear capsules on board. Such approval was pending deployment of safer "sealed-pit nuclear capsule" weapons that did not begin deployment until June 1958.[8]

If a nuclear detonation had occurred, the possible blast effects would include a fireball with a radius of 2 km and thermal radiation causing third degree burns for ten times that distance.[9]

Recovery efforts

Starting on February 6, 1958, the Air Force 2700th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Squadron and 100 Navy personnel equipped with hand held sonar and galvanic drag and cable sweeps mounted a search. On April 16, the military announced the search had been unsuccessful. Based on a hydrologic survey, the bomb was thought by the Department of Energy to lie buried under 5 to 15 feet (2 to 5 m) of silt at the bottom of Wassaw Sound.[4]

In 2004, retired Air Force Lt. Colonel Derek Duke claimed to have narrowed the possible resting spot of the bomb to a small area approximately the size of a football field. He and his partner located the area by trawling in their boat with a Geiger counter in tow. Secondary radioactive particles four times naturally occurring levels were detected and mapped, and the site of radiation origination triangulated. Subsequent investigations found the source of the radiation was natural.[10]

Ongoing concerns

To date, no undue levels of unnatural radioactive contamination have been detected in the regional Upper Floridan aquifer by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (over and above the already high levels thought to be due to monazite, a locally occurring sand that is naturally radioactive).[11][12]

In popular media

A satirical "news" website ran a story in February 2015 stating the bomb was found by vacationing Canadian divers and that the bomb had since been removed from the bay. The fake story spread widely via social media.[13]

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#1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision - Wikipedia the free encyclopedia #dol #doe #niosh'#gend #your #rainey #young #star #centre #pinellas plant #center #anwag #sec

St. Louis, MO: Earlier today, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued an event notice for the unplanned shutdown of the Callaway 1 nuclear reactor, which is owned and operated by Ameren Missouri. The NRC notes that radiation is above normal in the containment building. Today is the third time the Callaway 1 nuclear reactor...

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The Story of Agriculture and Climate Change: The Road We've TraUrgent message from United Nations: Wake up before it's too late by VL Baker Follow for Daily Kos Email 38 Comments / 38 New As seen above, the United Nations has been working on climate change mitigation and adaptation methods for many years. They have been joined by many countries who recognize the urgency of global action to solve humanity's greatest challenge. You don't hear much about the UN efforts in the U.S. because of corruption of our media by supporters of right-wing climate change denial which is financially sponsored by the fossil fuel industry and its major enablers, the Koch brothers. The UN has been especially persevering in connecting the dots between climate change, agriculture, and food security. Their copious research involving scientists from around the world not only connects the dots but brings forward the understanding that agricultural is one of the few sectors in which mitigation and adaptation join together creating immense opportunity for solving the climate change crisis. Please read below the fold for more on the United Nations' new publication. The UN is sounding the alarm with a new publication from the UN Commission on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) titled: "Trade and Environment Review 2013: Wake Up Before It Is Too Late," which included contributions from more than 60 experts around the world. The new publication builds on a 2010 study: one that essentially said organic and small-scale farming is the answer for “feeding the world,” not GMOs, factory farming and monocultures. The report links global security and escalating conflicts with the urgent need to transform agriculture toward what it calls “ecological intensification.” The report concludes, “This implies a rapid and significant shift from conventional, monoculture-based and high-external-input-dependent industrial production toward mosaics of sustainable, regenerative production systems that also considerably improve the productivity of small-scale farmers.” The UNCTAD report identified key indicators for the transformation needed in agriculture: Increasing soil carbon content and better integration between crop and livestock production, and increased incorporation of agroforestry and wild vegetation Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of livestock production Reduction of GHGs through sustainable peatland, forest, and grassland management Optimization of organic and inorganic fertilizer use, including through closed nutrient cycles in agriculture Reduction of waste throughout the food chains Changing dietary patterns toward climate-friendly food consumption Reform of the international trade regime for food and agriculture The report is especially harsh in stating that global trade rules should be reformed in order to work toward these ends, which is the opposite of what mega-trade deals like the proposed Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the U.S.-EU Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) are seeking to accomplish. The Institute noted that these pending deals are “primarily designed to strengthen the hold of multinational corporate and financial firms on the global economy …” rather than reflect the urgent need for a shift in agriculture described in the new report. In 2007, another important report out of the multilateral system, the International Assessment of Agriculture Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), with contributions from experts from over 100 countries (and endorsed by nearly 60 countries), came to very similar conclusions. The IAASTD report concluded that “Business as Usual is Not an Option,” and the shift toward agroecological approaches was urgent and necessary for food security and climate resilience. Unfortunately, business as usual has largely continued. Maybe this new UNCTAD report will provide the tipping point for the policy transformation that must take place “before it’s too late.” Originally posted to Daily Kos on Sun Jan 05, 2014 at 05:00 PM PST. Also republished by Climate Change SOS and Meatless Advocates Meetup. Tags

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1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ×Sign into your Wajam account and discover what your friends have shared

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1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision

Mk 15 nuclear bomb

of the type lost when jettisoned after the collision Midair Collision summary Date February 5, 1958 Summary

Midair collision

Site

Tybee Island, Georgia

United States

32°0′N 80°51′W

Coordinates

32°0′N 80°51′W

First aircraft Type

Boeing B-47

Operator

United States Air Force

Registration

51-2349 Fatalities 0 Second aircraft Type

F-86

Sabre Operator United States Air Force Crew 1 Survivors 1

Contents

1 Midair collision

2 Bomb

3 Recovery efforts

4 Ongoing concerns

5 In popular media

6 See also

7 Notes

8 References

9 External links

Midair collision

Crash site

Atlanta Georgia

Bomb

If a nuclear detonation had occurred, the possible blast effects would include a fireball with a radius of 2 km and thermal radiation causing third degree burns for ten times that distance.[9]

Recovery efforts

Ongoing concerns

In popular media

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