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They will not be forgotten, Bay Area Indigenous Resistance! Series 1

The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers ...By David N. Pellow, Lisa Sun-Hee Park

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They will not be forgotten, Bay Area Indigenous Resistance! Estanislao Cucunuchi

From 1818 through 1822, Mission San Jose outreach efforts were directed solely to the Yokuts groups in the present Stockton and Manteca areas. Among the Yokuts converts of 1821 was Estanislao Cucunuchi, age 28, of the Laquisemnes (SJO-B 4471), a man who would lead the next overt resistance to Hispanic control of central California. The Mission San Jose population at the end of 1822 was over 50% Yokuts.

The Estanislao revolt began in November of 1828, when the Laquisemnes of the lower Stanislaus River failed to return to Mission San Jose from their holiday trip to their homeland. The Laquisemnes, led by Estanislao Cucunuchi, were joined that winter by Christian Indian people from a number of other Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and San Joaquin River Delta Yokuts groups, fugitives from both Mission San Jose and Mission Santa Clara. Quickly branded rebels, they repulsed initial attempts of the Mexican military to force them back to the missions. The revolt ended in June of 1829 with a significant Mexican military victory on the Stanislaus River by Mariano Guadalupe 150 Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today Vallejo (Cook 1962:168-180; Phillips 1993). Tribal baptisms in 1829 were limited to small numbers of Chilamne, Unisumne, and Guaypem Plains Miwoks.

Chapter 7. Ohlone/Costanoan Missions South of Mission Dolores, 1770-1834

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They will not be forgotten, Bay Area Indigenous Resistance! The Luechas

In early 1805 another resistance to Spanish outreach was initiated in the East Bay, this time by the Luechas, San Francisco Costanoan speakers of the Corral Hollow area on the east side of the Coast Ranges. On January 14 some Luechas encountered a small Spanish party, ostensibly lost in the deep fog, in their territory. They attacked, killing Mission San Jose mayordomo Ygnacio Higuera and three Christian Indians, as well as wounding missionary Father Cueva. Higuera, one of only a handful of Hispanics married to a local Indian woman at the time, also became the first of the gente de razon to be killed by tribal people in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Luecha attack was countered by another Spanish military raid; the Luechas were attacked and crushed in the summer of 1805 (Milliken 1995:185-191).

Chapter 7. Ohlone/Costanoan Missions South of Mission Dolores, 1770-1834

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They will not be forgotten, Bay Area Indigenous resistance! Rumsen Captain Baltazar

Rumsen Resistance Leader Baltazar, from the San Jose Bay Area.

The Rumsen captain, Tathlun of Ichxenta, was baptized on September 10, 1775. The entry reads, “Captain of his own rancheria of Ichxenta, alias San Jose, and of the surrounding neighborhood of the Carmel River” (SCA-B 358). Most members of the Rumsen local tribe joined the mission over the next three years. By the end of 1778 the five Rumsen villages had been abandoned.

In 1779 Baltazar, one of the alcaldes (native mayors), fled the mission and organized a limited opposition movement among the people of Sargentaruc on the Big Sur coast. Baltazar’s death Chapter 7. Ohlone/Costanoan Missions South of Mission Dolores, 1770-1834 139 was reported in the fall of 1780. Most of the members of his group trickled back into the mission over the next few years (Milliken 1987:28). ( Chapter 7. Ohlone/Costanoan Missions South of Mission Dolores, 1770-1834 )

Chapter 7. Ohlone/Costanoan Missions South of Mission Dolores, 1770-1834