Transgender Workers Benefit From Being ‘Out’ At Work
Story from Campus Progress
Posted Tuesday, November 29, 2011 by Shay O’Reilly
Two transgender employees greet customers at the Castro Goodwill in San Francisco.
According to a study published in this month’s issue of the Journal of Vocational Behavior, employees who disclose their transgender status are happier at work.
Pennsylvania State Schuyllkill and Rice University researchers on the study—the first of its kind—polled 88 transgender subjects recruited at a conference and through social networks.
Based on previous research done on gender roles and stigmatized identities, particularly in the lesbian and gay community, researchers hypothesized that disclosure would have a positive effect on measures of workplace satisfaction, and that trans men would have an easier time after disclosing than trans women.
The survey found a strong positive correlation between disclosure, job satisfaction, and affective commitment, commitment to a workplace based on enjoyment. Additionally, disclosing trans employees reported less workplace anxiety, and reported less concern over the costs of leaving a job. All of these attributes were heightened if the disclosure was met with support by coworkers.
(Despite the predictions of the researchers, trans men and trans women reported similar feelings about their job post-disclosure, although trans men reported slightly more favorable coworker reactions upon disclosing their transgender status. Researchers attributed this to gender stereotypes, noting that expressions of femininity in “men” are more stigmatized than expressions of masculinity in “women”.)
Previous research on disclosure suggests that, aside from the acceptance component, openness about stigmatized identity is associated with less stress as it removes the concern over secret-keeping.
There are limitations to the study: It was not a random sample, with participants recruited at a transgender conference and online (a frequent study methodology for reporting on the LGBT community), and the study did not take into account causality.
For instance, the researchers acknowledged that transgender people who do not care if they are fired—that is, who show little concern for the costs of transferring jobs—might be more likely to disclose their transgender status. Many other attributes, they wrote, likely exhibited bidirectional causality.
Still, the study is one of the first to measure the satisfaction of transgender employees in the workplace.
And with more positive workplace outcomes for transgender workers who disclose their transgender status, there is a direct incentive for employers to encourage diversity and tolerance.
“Our results suggest that when transsexual employees receive support from their coworkers after disclosing their gender identity, they report being happier at work,” the researchers wrote. “This is important because not only does it benefit transsexual employees, but it may also influence the culture and morale of all employees in the workplace.”
Shay O'Reilly is a staff writer with Campus Progress. Follow him on Twitter @shaygabriel.