Individualism and the individual is based on centuries of philosophical debate, principles of debate and systems for organizing whole societies which constitute reality (Smith, 50). Fundamentally, conceptions of gender are founded on biological determinist European centric ways of thought which seek to villainize any conceptions of gender outside the binaries of colonial technologies. In particular, Oyewumi on page 1 of chapter 1, states that biology operates in excess privilege in determining the explanation of difference for gender, race, and class. In doing so, gender, class, and race are ontologically created to facilitate the colonial violence of binary realities. For communities with imposed gendered realities, many existed without said preexisting conceptions of gender with shared interests, decisions, or social position. However, the purpose of gender from a colonial position seeks to operationalize bio-logic mechanisms of social conceptions that could be separated and applied universally across different places and times. For example, Njambi, in their counter narrative on “female genital mutilation,” describes the ritualistic practices of safe sex, coming of age, and exposure to adulthood maneuvers beyond the satisfaction of christian missionaries who aimed to impose different practices that centered male circumcision and monogamy instead of “female circumcision and polygamy.
