6.18 explain the use of step-up and step-down transformers in the large scale generation and transmission of electrical energy
transformers that increase voltage are called step-up transformers. transformers that decrease voltage are called step-down transformers
transformers are really close to being 100% energy efficient
in step-up transformers, as voltage increases but power stays constant, the current decreases. vice-versa for step-down transformers.
as current passes through a wire, energy is lost as heat. this is why after generation, currents are passed through step-up transformers. during transmission of energy across long distances, a minimum amount of energy is lost.
when it enters towns and cities, the supply is passed through a step-down transformer so it can be used in homes.