“Prince Josef Anton Poniatowski was the second to last of the marshals, and the most incongruous. He was an enlightened reformist nobleman of Lithuanian, Czech, and Italian descent, a hereditary prince of Bohemia and of Poland. He was familiar with the court circles of Vienna, Berlin, and St. Petersburg. But he was also a Polish patriot, and political necessity drove him to serve the parvenu Emperor Napoleon, whom he neither liked nor trusted. His motto, Bog, Honor, Ojczyzna (“God, Honor, Father-land”) imposed commitments that were impossible to uphold and reconcile. The prince was brave and honest, sensitive and melancholic; he lacked the subtlety essential to this successful practitioner of national politics in an age of turmoil. He was tormented by the inner contradictions imposed by external circumstances. By 1813 the demands of personal honor and national interest had reduced him to suicidal desperation. He resolved his difficulties by finding a heroic death at the Battle of Leipzig, so discharging his debt of honor to his unworthy creditor and false friend Napoleon and adding luster to the martial reputation of Poland.”