The Legend of Horatius at the Bridge
The Threat Following the expulsion of Rome's last king, Tarquin the Proud, the exiled monarch rallied an Etruscan army led by King Lars Porsena to retake Rome.
The Defense As the Etruscans advanced on the city, the Roman forces panicked and retreated. Recognizing that if the enemy crossed the bridge the city would fall, Horatius rallied two comrades to hold the bridge's far end.
The Destruction While Horatius and his men fought off the Etruscan vanguard, other Romans began frantically hacking at the wooden structure from behind.
The Leap Just as the bridge began to collapse, Horatius ordered his companions to retreat to safety. Left completely alone, he held back the entire army until the bridge finally fell into the river. Still wearing his heavy armor, he dove into the Tiber and swam to safety under a barrage of enemy missiles.
Meaning and Legacy
The Name The cognomen "Cocles" translates to "one-eyed," as legend holds he lost an eye in a previous battle or while defending the bridge.
The Reward The Roman Republic honored him by granting him as much land as he could plow around in a single day, and erected a bronze statue of him in the Comitium—the public gathering space near the Roman Forum.
Historical Significance The story serves to inspire traits highly valued in ancient Rome: bravery, tactical self-sacrifice, and unwavering duty to the state. It was immortalized in ancient accounts by historians like Livy, and later in the Victorian poem "Horatius at the Bridge" by Lord Macaulay.