#practice question

[jamesprepforest01]

https://prepforest.com/courses/freecogat-grade-4/ | jamesbeckham

https://prepforest.com/courses/freecogat-grade-4/

The Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is a standardized assessment for students in grades K-12 that aims to evaluate their acquired reasoning and problem-solving abilities across verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal domains.

[jamesprepforest01]

https://prepforest.com/courses/freecogat-questions-grade-3/ | jamesbeckham

https://prepforest.com/courses/freecogat-questions-grade-3/

The Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is a group-administered K-12 assessment published by Riverside Insights and intended to estimate students' learned reasoning and problem solving abilities through a battery of verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal test items.

[jamesprepforest01]

https://prepforest.com/courses/freeadscogat-grade-2/ | jamesbeckham

https://prepforest.com/courses/freeadscogat-grade-2/

The CogAT, published by Riverside Insight, is a K-12 assessment that measures students' learned reasoning and problem-solving abilities through verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal test items.

[jamesprepforest01]

The Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is a group-administered K-12 assessment published by Riverside Insights and intended to estimate students' learned reasoning and problem solving abilities through a battery of verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal test items.

[onlinetyari-blog]

IBPS Clerk Prelims 2017 Preparation - Syllabus , Result, Cutoff and Application details

Get complete schedule of upcoming IBPS Clerk Prelims 2017 exam with detailed syllabus, selection process, previous year question papers. Get recommended IBPS mock tests, e-books and practice question materials

[lozstudying]

with your own detailed examples, explain why audiences respond differently to media texts (30)

There is a complex relationship between media texts and the audiences that consume them. A variety of factors influence the ways in which audiences respond to texts. Initial attempts to explain the text-audience relationship were extremely oversimplified- for example the hypodermic needle theory is rarely used these days because the idea that there is a mass audience that are uniformly influenced by the same text is outdated (as shown via the radio broadcast reading War Of the Worlds which caused a moral panic, as the public thought it was real). A more modern and sophisticated approach is now needed to make sense of audience-text dynamics.

Firstly, deriving meaning from a text is an active process and audiences can find their own meaning within texts. Producers may aim to establish a preferred reading for a text- in terms of Stuart Hall’s reception theory- but they cannot guarantee that this meaning is embraced by audiences. For example, in Keeping Up With the Kardashians, Kim is portrayed by the producers as being a role model figure; classy and funny (the dominant reading), however the audience may reject this viewpoint and perceive her to be trashy and talentless (the oppositional reading) based upon other information they have been provided by the media about her. The viewer could also take a negotiated reading, where they accept the producer’s preferred reading but have opinions of their own as well.

Secondly, responses can also be affected by the variety of people’s worldview. What I mean by this is that everyone has different levels of acquired knowledge and life experiences - these factors can cause someone’s opinion on something to be altered. For example, those brought up in a setting with patriarchal ideals may accept the message of magazines such as Cosmopolitan which put out the message that a woman’s role is to please a man, however others may reject this ideology and challenge it, such as those interested in social issues or who were brought up in a more modern, progressive environment- e.g. people from the ‘aspirers’ bracket when referring to Young and Rubicam’s theory.

A further explanation of different responses is Blulmer and Katz’s ‘Uses and Gratifications’ theory. This seeks to discover what ‘pleasures’ the audience takes from a text. This may be surveillance- or in other words information, what they can learn from a text that they can use in life. An audience may use the Newspaper or a TV news show to do this. There is also personal identification which refers to the ability to compare your life to that of characters and situations within the media text. For example, with the film ‘500 days of summer’, audience may relate to the main character Tom because they are hopelessly romantic/ feel like a social outcast. Another aspect is Personal relationships. This may be when the audience can use the media texts to strengthen relationships in their life- for example the Wii Fit, this is a game that can be played with friends and family which encourages activity and engagement. Finally, diversion, which simply refers to using the media text as a means to escape from reality. An example being a film such as Avengers, a highly exciting and fantasy-filled film which helps the audience to escape harsh reality. The audience can apply any of these aspects to any kind of media, as one piece of media can mean different things to different people.

Media texts are consumed by different audiences in different ways. An audience member can be active i.e. they interact with the text to create meaning, or be passive- which suggests that the text has an effect on them. An active audience will form opinions on the subject, pay full attention and are in control. For example, the audience or ‘gamers’ of Grand Theft Auto will interact with the game as they choose their own destiny and essentially form their own narrative within the game. A passive audience however will pay little attention, accept opinions rather than form their own and are ‘controlled’ or weak-willed. A good example is the soap Eastenders- a passive audience has no control over the outcome of the programme, and with Eastenders, the episode is written six weeks in advance to when it actually airs. It is up to the writers to decide what happens and when, and it will be shown whether the audience likes it or not. All aspects of TV are typically seen as passive in this same way perhaps with the exception of shows such as the X-factor where the audience votes for the winner.

[thesocialworkexam]

New free practice question from the Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders chapter of DSM-5: https://www.socialworktestprep.com/blog/posts/2016/november/21/trauma-and-stressor-related-disorders-and-the-social-work-exam/#.WDXTYS0rKUk