Stabilizer Renyi Entropy: Measurement Of Non-Stabilizerness
Renyi Entropy SRE stabilizer
Simple Metric Links Reveal Quantum ‘Magic’ Metrology Protocol Entanglement and Precision
Quantifying the specific resources that give quantum metrology its increased capabilities has long been an aim of the science, which seeks unprecedented sensing and measurement precision. These resources contain “non-stabilizerness,” or “magic.” This complexity is needed to construct quantum states with a computational quantum advantage.
Piotr Sierant, Marcin Płodzień, Tanausú Hernández-Yanes, and Jakub Zakrzewski from Uniwersytet Jagielloński have found a means to simplify the measuring of this complex resource. They demonstrate that the Stabilizer Rényi Entropy (SRE), a measure of non-stabilizerness for many-particle systems with permutationally symmetric states, can be estimated with a few measured parameters.
Define Non-Stabilizerness and SRE
The Stabilizer The Rényi Entropy quantifies non-stabilizerness by measuring a state's quantum separation from classically simulable stabiliser states. Classical computers may express stabilizer states with great entanglement and coherence. Thus, a quantum device must be non-stabilizery to get a computational quantum advantage.
Due to its mathematical properties, the SRE is a dependable resource indicator. This quantum entanglement metric is useful for expressing almost separable states. Importantly, Stabilizer Renyi Entropy SRE is faithful (zero) only if the state is a stabilizer. It is Clifford invariant and additive on product states, meeting the monotone pure state non-stabilizerness conditions.
Despite its value, non-stabilizerness has been difficult to compute. However, the SRE has been used to study numerous quantum phases and dynamics and may be evaluated computationally and empirically.
The Breakthrough: Simplifying Large System Calculation
The study team developed a new approach to assess this “magic” resource. Historically, permutationally symmetric systems' Stabilizer Renyi Entropy SRE required determining the predicted values of different Pauli-string representatives. Researchers use the symmetry of these states at the big system size limit to simplify computing.
A closed-form expression for the SRE using only a set number of expectation values from collective spin operators is the key achievement. In the limit, the SRE approximation only utilizes six single-axis projections (overlaps) of the studied state for permutation-invariant states.
This condensed formula represents a “drastic simplification” of full quantum state tomography, which needs measurement and postprocessing. An interaction-based readout (twisting-echo) system on platforms with traditional one-axis twisting (OAT) controllers can experimentally achieve the reduced formula's complicated overlaps. This is useful for assessing non-stabilizerness in precision sensing experiments.
Quantum Metrology Protocol SRE Dynamics
This novel analytical framework was utilized to analyze spin-squeezing procedures, which improve quantum metrology measurement accuracy and reduce quantum noise. The work focused on One-Axis Twisting (OAT).
The study showed that optimum spin squeezing generates a considerable increase in non-stabilizerness. The Stabilizer Renyi Entropy SRE diverges logarithmically with system size for states that are more severely spin-squeezed (approaching the minimum parameter). This scale shows that strong non-stabilizerness and severely compressed states are closely related. States with continual spin squeezing have an independent SRE saturation value. Dicke states with zero magnetization and the two-axis countertwisting (TACT) technique corroborated these SRE scaling conclusions in squeezed states.
The Kitten States Paradox
The study also analyzed “kitten” states, macroscopic superpositions of coherent states created later in OAT dynamics. These states have strong many-body Bell correlations, as evaluated by the body correlator, confirming real multipartite entanglement.
Even though kitten states have substantial quantum correlations, their Stabilizer Rényi Entropy is independent of system size. Thus, these states showed an anticorrelation between many-body Bell correlations (E) and SRE (non-stabilizerness).
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) is a stabilizer state with diminishing SRE that maximizes many-body Bell correlations. In contrast, the best-squeezed states have reduced Bell correlations, sub-linear Q growth, and logarithmic SRE rise.
The distinction links state robustness to SRE scalability. The rising SRE of spin-squeezed states makes them more metrologically helpful, and they are resistant to little loss or dephasing. Even though it has ultimate Heisenberg limit precision, the GHZ state has a zero SRE and is very perturbable. This paper links non-stabilizerness, multipartite correlations, and quantum metrology to give a key paradigm for understanding and using quantum resources.