Rattlesnakes should only go through short distance translocation (<500m) if necessary, long-distance translocation causes irregular behavior including larger home range size, large activity patterns, irregular movements and direct mortality. This was heavily supported at the 2011 Biology of the Rattlesnakes symposium which I attended. The overall consensus was that translocation rarely works and mortality rates are high (papers will be published in the forthcoming second Biology of the Rattlesnakes volume).
Here’s some scientific publications about it (might be behind a paywall):
Impacts of Translocation on Behavior and Survival of Timber Rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus (Journal of Herpetology 33(1)) : "Translocation of adult snakes is not recommended … because of its immediate and long-term negative impacts"
Effectiveness of Short-Distance Translocation and its Effects on Western Rattlesnakes (Journal of Wildlife Management 73(3)): ”There was no evidence to suggest SDT affected body condition, behavior, or mortality rates. Short-distance translocation to high-quality undisturbed habitats was unsuccessful as a long-term solution to snake-human conflict because most [SDT] translocated snakes returned to conflict areas within a short time.”
MANAGEMENT OF “NUISANCE” VIPERS: EFFECTS OF TRANSLOCATION ON WESTERN DIAMOND-BACKED RATTLESNAKES (CROTALUS ATROX) (Biology of the Vipers):
“there were few statistically significant negative effects of translocation, and > 50% of the rattlesnakes returned to locations from which they were displaced. Nonetheless, the survival rate of [long-distance] translocated rattlesnakes was low.”
There’s more out there too, but these three were the ones that came to mind.