Dutch universities are involved in at least 28 new technology and product development projects funded by European subsidies that could benefit the Israeli military, according to an investigation by Follow the Money. European rules explicitly forbid military use of these funds, but enforcement is reportedly lacking, and individual scientists find it nearly impossible to withdraw from ongoing research projects.
Since 2007, Israel has allegedly received approximately 3 billion euros from Horizon Europe, the EU’s science and innovation funding program aimed at boosting the EU's global competitiveness. Since 2020, EU rules require all projects to serve exclusively civilian purposes, including those involving dual-use materials and technologies that could also be applied militarily.
According to an investigation, Dutch universities collaborate with Israeli partners on these projects, receiving more than 356 million euros in EU subsidies. Among these institutions are the TU Delft, TU Eindhoven, University of Groningen, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radboud University Nijmegen, Wageningen University & Research, University of Twente in Enschede, University of Leiden, and the Dutch research institute TNO.
TU Delft collaborates with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), a state-owned company specializing in both civilian and military aerospace systems. In the ‘Herwingt’ project, they research hybrid flight technology that IAI aims to apply “as quickly as possible.” This technology might be used in the C295 patrol aircraft, which is capable of maritime and military reconnaissance. Ko Colijn, emeritus professor of international relations and global security, told Follow the Money that “potentially, the technology can also be used in military transport aircraft and drones.”
The TU Delft is currently engaged in seven dual-use projects with Israeli partners, and TU Eindhoven in eight. A TU Eindhoven spokesperson acknowledged the difficulty in distinguishing civilian from military applications, stating, “The distinction between civilian and military applications is sometimes almost impossible to make.”
Israel’s scientific strengths—spanning quantum mechanics, semiconductors, healthcare, and artificial intelligence—make it an attractive partner for EU researchers, according to Shlomi Kofman, director of a government agency supporting Israeli scientists in the European research market.
Israel is the most successful non-EU country in securing Horizon grants, with about 20 percent of its applications funded, compared to 16 percent for the Netherlands and 15 percent for France and Germany. Israeli projects frequently fall into the dual-use category. Israel Aerospace Industries alone has participated in 44 Horizon projects since 2007, worth over 23 million euros.