#roots self

[maaarine]

MBTI & Ideas

The Roots of the Self: Unraveling the Mystery of Who We Are (Robert Ornstein, 1993)

“The limbic system is the part of the brain that generates emotionality and other drives,

and children of different temperaments display distinctive physiological characteristics that imply different innate thresholds in the limbic system to novel and challenging events.

Some children respond with fright to minor upsets, others ignore major challenges. (…)

The strength of the “amplification” (how strongly one experiences a given sound or light) in the nervous system to outside events seems a basic characteristic of the infant, and this characteristic remains with us for life. (…)

For some people, whom I’ll call the “high gainers,” the world is very loud indeed; for others, the “low gainers,” it is subdued.

Some people respond to this low level of input by becoming very active and needing a lot of stimulation, while the high gainers often become very quiet, seeking little. (…)

On first consideration of this information, you might assume that the person with a brain highly tuned for arousal would be forever looking for action and excitement.

But it doesn’t work that way: the quiet types are naturally more aroused than the gregarious ones.

This is why introverts tend to go for the quiet life, because they already have enough going on inside without having to seek excitement.

There’s the paradox; those “high gainers” who are highly aroused internally are not the people who are racing around the world, seeking new excitement.”

[maaarine]

MBTI & Ideas

The Roots of the Self: Unraveling the Mystery of Who We Are (Robert Ornstein, 1993)

“In this study, groups of extroverts and introverts were exposed to increasingly intense visual and auditory stimuli while the evoked responses of their brain wave patterns were recorded.

Once the stimulus, either the light or noise, reached a high level, the introverts tended to decrease the intensity of the stimulus that brain received from the outside (this is known as reduction).

Extroverts, on the other hand, turned their stimuli up (a process called augmentation).

If you give a high- and a low-gain person the same dose of a sedative, what happens? 

Low gainers fall asleep with a low dose, and high gainers require a higher dosage for sedation than do low gainers. 

Extroverts, being low gain, are less aroused than introverts. 

Being chronically aroused, introverts are also more sensitive to stimuli at all levels.

Introverts are also more sensitive to barely detectable stimuli and have lower pain thresholds than do extroverts.

These two groups have the same reactions to the “lemon-drop test” as do shy and sociable young children.

Put four drops of lemon juice on an adult extrovert’s tongue for twenty seconds, and he or she will salivate little, but extreme introverts will show an increase of about one gram of saliva.”

[maaarine]

MBTI & Ideas

The Roots of the Self: Unraveling the Mystery of Who We Are (Robert Ornstein, 1993)

“If we understand that our basic temperament is relatively fixed, we might be able to initiate a different approach to self-management. 

This is somewhat like knowing the nature of the horse you are riding. 

You can try some maneuvers with a placid horse that you wouldn’t try with a skittish one.

Similarly, we need to know ourselves in order to “ride” in the most appropriate way.

Observing the self in this way might well make it easier to make choices about how we organize our lives.

If you are the sort of person who needs lots of stimulation and you are getting it by having frequent affairs that upset your partner or by causing disruptions with people at work, you might get the same excitement by taking up a dangerous sport instead.

Go kayaking or bungee jumping, or go to horror movies.

If you don’t recognize that your behavior is all about stimulation, you may get bogged down in irrelevant discussions about freedom or the need for self-expression.”

[maaarine]

MBTI & Ideas

The Roots of the Self: Unraveling the Mystery of Who We Are (Robert Ornstein, 1993)

“Using the three dimensions related to these systems, we will consider whether some mental disorders might not simply consist of normal tendencies on each continuum taken to an extreme.

Does meticulousness shade into obsessiveness and then develop into obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Does creativity and what we call flakiness shade into schizophrenia? (…)

Individuals who are at the other end of the deliberation-liberation continuum are highly disorganized, instead of exceedingly organized.

For the most part, they suffer from a weakened regulation of information and actions.

They hardly have the worries of someone with OCD, but they have a different deficiency: a disordered structure to perceptions and to the control of their actions. (…)

OCD can be thought of as a highly deliberated restriction of thought, and it is sometimes called overexclusive.

It limits thought to one subject, such as “Did I hit someone?”

Some forms of schizophrenia represent, in contrast, an unwanted liberation— an opening of the gates—a condition sometimes called overinclusive.

Some schizophrenics, then, have difficulty limiting the content of their consciousness, and consequently they misconstrue the information they receive. (…)

Claridge’s initial studies discovered that schizophrenics and schizotypals find irrelevant material intruding into their consciousness.

This is good evidence that the delusions result from the brain trying to make sense of this irrelevant information.”

[maaarine]

MBTI & Ideas

The Roots of the Self: Unraveling the Mystery of Who We Are (Robert Ornstein, 1993)

“Using the three dimensions related to these systems, we will consider whether some mental disorders might not simply consist of normal tendencies on each continuum taken to an extreme. 

Does meticulousness shade into obsessiveness and then develop into obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Does creativity and what we call flakiness shade into schizophrenia?

Does ordinary sadness lead an individual into depression?

My conclusion will challenge many existing theories: I believe that the same underlying processes that produce our normal variations in self are, at their extremes, responsible for some psychoses and neuroses.”