#simple pendulum

[nbadresses]

Tube Top Wedding Dress Trailing Retro Was Thin A Pendulum Lace Wedding TA0138

[geopolicraticus]

Friday 11 July 2025

Grand Strategy Newsletter

The View from Oregon – 349

Idealization in the Study of History and Civilization

…in which I discuss ideal histories and ideal civilizations, perfection, idealization in science, properties of a simple pendulum, Einstein’s photon box thought experiment, purposive movement, exemplars, Clive Bell on paragons of civilization, approximations to an ideal, Beowulf, and another paper revision…

Substack: https://geopolicraticus.substack.com/p/idealization-in-the-study-of-history

Medium: https://jnnielsen.medium.com/idealization-in-the-study-of-history-and-civilization-1d70d709e59c

Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/The_View_from_Oregon/comments/1m738a2/idealization_in_the_study_of_history_and/

[geopolicraticus]

The Realizable and the Unrealizable Ideal

Two Forms of Idealization.—A simple or ideal pendulum assumes a frictionless fulcrum, a weightless string, a point mass weight bob, absence of air drag, short amplitude (small-angle approximation where sinθ≈θ), inelasticity of pendulum length, rigidity of the pendulum support, and a uniform field of gravity during operation of the pendulum, inter alia. There may well be an infinitude of conditions that enter into the operation of an actual pendulum, and every condition eludes anything but approximation by a theoretical model. This is an ideal that no finite formalization can capture; actual pendulums can be made precise to an arbitrary degree, but they can never exhaustively converge on the properties of an ideal pendulum, as no ideal pendulum can exhaustively converge upon every wobble and tremor of an actual pendulum. Thus we must distinguish between that idealization used in science and without which science is impossible, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, that idealization that is impossible for science to capture in any finite formalization, but which can be approximated. A simple (i.e., ideal) pendulum is an example of the first; an exhaustive account of the factors that bear upon an actual pendulum is an example of the second. (Holism in confirmation, which is especially associated with Duhem-Quine thesis, is also an instance of this latter kind of idealization.) Both forms of idealization force compromises upon science through approximation; we accept a result that is “good enough,” even if not perfect, and each form of idealization implies the other. Thus one ideal, realizable in theory, is substituted for another ideal, unrealizable in theory.

[igsrc9-blog]

IGSRC

মুসলিম বিজ্ঞানী আল জাজারীর (১১৬০-১২৩৩) আবিষ্কার করা দূর্গ ঘড়ি । মুসলিম বিজ্ঞানী ও প্রকৌশলী আল-জাজারী তার বিখ্যাত গ্রন্থ ‘আল-জামিউল বায়ান আল-ইলম ওয়াল আমাল আন-নাফি ফি সিনাত আল-হায়াল’ (যান্ত্রিক...

[igsrc9-blog]

IGSRC

সর্বপ্রথম ‘‘সরল দোলক বা পেন্ডুলাম” আবিষ্কার করেন যে মুসলিম বিজ্ঞানী । ইবনে ইউনুস আল মিশরী (৯৫০-১০০৯ সাল) সর্বপ্রথম সরল দোলক বা পেন্ডুলাম আবিষ্কার করেন। তিনি এই দোলকের দোলনকাল পর্যবেক্ষণ করে তাঁর...

[no1sunk-blog]

This code is generated by solving a second order linear ODE with help of ode45 command for a time of 20secs. Any suggestions/recommendations/corrections are welcome!!