In Which I Sort All of Austen's Heroines:
Disclaimer: These are MY opinions. MINE. Feel free to disagree.
Marianne Dashwood: She's bold, she's rash, and she's adventurous. Marianne often acts without thinking but rather by feeling, which is how most Gryffindors make decisions. Her emotions and sensibility (in the 1800's definition of the word) are what separate her from Elinor and what propel all of her actions.
Fanny Price: Fanny's someone I would say is loyal to a fault. She's obedient to everyone she sees as a superior, and always manages to remember her place. She stays loyal to Edmund even after he's a total jerk to her, and is stubbornly pious.
Anne Elliot: Anne was possibly the hardest to Sort, because she seems to undergo a rather dramatic change between the events before the novel and the events of the novel itself. However, she goes in Hufflepuff because in her heart, at least, she stays faithful to Captain Wentworth even in the ten years where they don't speak. She also tries to stand aside and let him marry someone "appropriate" because she believes it to be what's best for him. But in the end, her heart triumphs.
Elinor Dashwood: Elinor is a hyper-rational heroine, even more so than Hermione Granger. She does feel things deeply, but she listens to reason on all matters until the very end. She's also very studious and creative, though not quite as talented as her sister.
Catherine Morland: Well...I mean...Catherine's entire life is books. She has an imagination that runs rampant, and she deals with people the way that she deals with fictional characters. So while in a lot of ways she seems like the anti-Elinor, I think she belongs in the same house because she does try to follow the rules of reason as she sees them.
Emma Woodhouse: Emma was by far the easiest to Sort. She's manipulative, she's snobbish, but she'll do anything for her friends. Even if her "help" is unwanted, she intervenes whenever she sees fit. Her main philosophy is that the ends justify the means, which in my opinion is one of the most Slytherin philosophies one can have.
Elizabeth Bennet: Yes, yes, BUT HEAR ME OUT! Lizzy's most defining trait is her prejudice, which is a trait shared by many Slytherins. Though correct in her assessment of Lydia's character, she judges all of her sisters (save Jane) very harshly because she believes them less intelligent than she is and favors those who respect and admire her. Lizzy is very intellectual and has a sharp wit, which is very Ravenclaw, however, she often uses her intelligence and wit to give herself the upper hand in relationships and conversations. After all, she admits to first deciding to love Darcy when she sees the grounds at Pemberley.
(images not mine, done by tumbr user azkbn)