Broken Window
Sterling Wells at Metropolitan Structures, Baltimore, July 10-19, 2015
- an interview with Jan Razauskas
Well above the tree line, inside a snug modernist apartment, Sterling Wells' Broken Window installation occupies the empty central space. The work is composed of reclaimed exterior and interior auto body parts mounted on a wooden armature, to the approximate scale of an automobile. Broken Window is set on the diagonal to a row of picture windows, with the car front facing the view and tilting downward. Except for a few shards of glass and debris on the floor, the work is a self-contained unit poised between assembly and unmaking, a cataloging of parts and relics held in suspended motion.
I talked with artist Sterling Wells about his process and the impetus behind the project:
Jan: Much of your work comes out of interactions with the natural environment, in pieces that position nature and the built environment within the same framework. Did this work evolve out of that interest? In this new work, Broken Window, a key link to your previous body of work may be in the view of the landscape panorama seen through the car’s windshield.
Sterling: The aim of this work was to use the car to forge a link between the apartment and the landscape beyond. Since a car belongs outside, putting it inside brings the outside into the apartment. Yes, the work evolved out of my interest in framing nature. The apartment is dominated by two enormous picture windows that frame the landscape. Instead of viewing the landscape through two rectangles, I wanted viewers to see the landscape through the glass shard perimeter of a broken car window.
Can you talk about how you came to envision this work - did the idea of a car assembled from various parts come first, or were you compelled to build the work in a certain type of space?
For a long time, I wanted to do a project where I used the car parts the way they are designed, and was waiting for the right opportunity. Usually I manipulate and transform them. Additionally, Philip and I were both interested in the apartment’s windows and how the architecture frames the viewer’s experience. This led to the idea to place an additional framing device in the space. That framing device ended up being the “Broken Window,” and the rest of the car followed. We were also interested in the contrast between the damaged car parts and the Modernist interior.
Yes, this building is designed by Mies van der Rohe, it is lean, and devoid of ornament, so it must seem a perfect foil for this project?
Philip Tomaru (show curator) and I spent a lot of time talking about why the building is designed the way it is, and how that relates to cars. To move through the building is to feel like one’s movements are pre-orchestrated by the architecture. Additionally, due to the vast amount of glass, one feels very exposed, almost on display. This is a very different sensation from the comforting sense of privacy and freedom one experiences in a car. The car and Mies’ building present two oppositional ways of living that each has its own problems. This opposition expresses itself visually. Compared with the simple, geometric architecture, the philosophy that designed the car parts appears baroque and decorative. If form followed function, every car would look like a Prius or Tesla. While the surfaces of the interior are perfectly painted walls and immaculate parquet floors, the car parts are damaged from accidents- torn, scratched, and dirty. All these ideas culminated in my proposal to re-constitute the car parts into a car shape, in the space.
There is something audacious in the idea of a car - that a collection of thin metal veneers will protect us as we ride. A poignant aspect of this work is seeing the car parts up close, from all angles, with their dents, defects and road grime. The idea of "car" loses its generic aspect and the parts become specific and personal. They seem to relate to the interior/exterior experience of the human body.
I’m so happy that you are making this connection and these observations. I think a lot about cars as bodies, and how cars and like humans, and humans are like cars.
When you say interior/exterior of the human body, do you mean fragile organs protected by skin; or a psychological interior carried around by a physical body; or our external appearance versus internal self?
I think the car relates to all these dualities. I often think of the car as another layer surrounding the body, augmenting its capabilities. Protecting the body, making it go faster, and heightening its senses. But, as you say, the car has its own fragile interior. The insulation inside the car doors is particularly bodily- shapes of foam, and gauzy cotton-like filler are glued and riveted to the plastic. This sculpture is like a body in that the part we are seeing, is the exterior, the skin- not the functioning interior.
Most of the car pieces used in this sculpture are façade. They hide the mechanical parts of the car. This emphasis on a façade that must be unnecessarily re-designed every year, while the functional part of the car remains largely unchanged, definitely relates to our culture’s emphasis on a technologically designed exterior human appearance.
You mention that you became fixated on the car bumper as symbolic of contemporary life, after first accessing them from an auto body shop near your studio. Does this work continue the metaphor?
The plastic bumper is a decorative cover that conceals the real metal bumper. When the bumper must exhibit its functionality, as in a fender-bender, the used plastic cover is discarded. It is this wasteful disposability that I find symbolic. So much of what we use is made of plastic that breaks easily and must be regularly replaced. This work literally continues the metaphor, because when the show ended, I dismantled the sculpture, and Philip and I disposed of the parts in a suburban dumpster.
The auto parts are held in the approximate positions they assume on a working car. We can even, cautiously, enter the interior through an opening in the armature. Can you talk about the decision to have the interior accessible?
It seemed natural for viewers to enter the car, both to perceive the architecture from within the car, and to see the backs of the car parts. The sculpture is the porous outline of a car, with the various parts floating in space with large gaps between them. Standing in the car, the sculpture takes on a narrative dimension, as if the car were about to fly out into the landscape.
There is also a humorous ship-in-a-bottle aspect to this piece - would you care to comment on the journey of the sculpture to this very compact residential location?
Philip and I had a lot of fun devising a method to bring this material into the apartment. What can be brought in and out of the apartments, and how, and when, is tightly regulated by the building management, so Philip and I had to resort to clandestine measures in order to realize this unconventional project.
There is a history of artists melding cars into their projects - I think of Chris Burden, wheeled out for a brief moment, crucified on a Volkswagen, John Chamberlain's auto body sculptures, Lee Friedlander’s photos of America as seen from a car, British artist Michael Landy crushing all of his possessions, including his car - how much of that history was on your mind, or do you think of this piece as tapping into that history?
I have found it helpful to position myself against John Chamberlain. Whereas his sculptures are predominately formal and abstract, I am mostly interested in the content implied by the car parts as a material. When I am working with a piece of plastic, I am working with all the forces that created it- the factory, the designer, and the culture that has collectively decided it wants this form to exist. Landy’s Break Down reminds me of Jean Tinguely, who also critiques overconsumption by destruction. I also think a lot about the implications of Tony Smith’s account of driving at night on the unfinished New Jersey Turnpike. This text suggests that the car, and the American landscape designed for cars, is a helpful lens through which to interpret Minimalism, as well as High Modernism. The American experience of the landscape is through the window of a car, divorced from nature.
And what's next for you?
I am entering the Graduate Art MFA program at Art Center College of Design this September.
Interview posted here and here.