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seen from United States
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seen from United States

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Microscopy Inspection By GreenTree Electronics
Purpose:
Authenticate and validate the structure of components’ surface, Package and leads.
The Threats:
Physical damage. High magnification is crucial to ensure there is no physical damage to the components’ package and leads. Physical damage, if found, may be caused due to improper handling and storing of the devices, and could lead to malfunction during soldering and operating. Specifically, existence of cracks and scratches on the package, corrosion and oxidization of the package and leads, bent leads or damaged BGA spheres – must be found, documented and require progressive tests and assessments prior accepting or rejecting the lot.
Refurbished parts may not work at all, or worse, partially work for limited time or limited functions. The original P/N and Date Codes could be different from what appears on the parts’ marking. It could be an OLDER device, REDUCED functionality device, or completely DIFFERENT P/N and manufacturer.
Prior Use. Used parts may also not work at all, or partially work with unexpected functionality and MTBF. While being removed from the PCB, the components are exposed to extreme heat and humidity, burn in a direct fire and then placed in water, and as a result, severely and permanently damaged.
The Leads or BGA balls may be damaged as well, or being manipulated or replaced.
Overall, used components are not expected to function according to the original characteristics and failure statistics.
Electronics is a leading distributor of obsolete electronic components, offering a wide range of rare, discontinued, and hard-to-find electronic parts. With their extensive inventory and expertise, they serve customers in sourcing and procuring components for legacy systems, ensuring seamless operations and uninterrupted repairs.
GreenTree Electronics provides a brand portfolio of Programmable Logic Devices of the world'a leading manufacturers Xilinx, Altera, Lattice
GreenTree Electronics provides a brand portfolio of Programmable Logic Devices of the world'a leading manufacturers Xilinx, Altera, Lattice
FPGA
A field programmable gate array (FPGA) is a user programmed and designed IC, contains set of programmable logic blocks in arrays. The blocks are connected and wired by using a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects. FPGA is designed to perform logic combinations and arithmetic functions, up to complex functions and algorithms. FPGA’s contains integrated memories such as simple flip-flops and up to whole memory blocks, I/O and Interfaces (such as PCI), Ethernet, DSP, and application specific IP blocks.
Xilinx and Altera are the world leading manufacturers of FPGAs with full scale products families targeting low-end, mid-range and high-end applications, with cutting edge technology of 28nm process and 3D architecture FPGA.
Lattice and Microsemi (Actel) both offer low-power low-cost, and mixed Signal FPGAs.
CPLD
A complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with a reduced complexity comparing to FPGA. Some CPLD characteristics are in common with PAL such as Non-volatile configuration memory, other common with FPGA such as the large number of available gates.
CPLD function immediately when system initiates, hence an external configuration ROM is not required. That is probably the most significant different between CPLD and a low-end FPGA. Being a non-volatile device, in some designs CPLD are used to load configuration data from a non-volatile memory to FPGA, or to boot the system prior a volatile processes initiates and takes over.
Xilinx, Altera and Lattice are the world's leading manufacturers of CPLD, with wide range of product families for various applications including Industrial, Automotive, Wireline, Consumer, Storage and other.
Programmable SoC
Programmable Logice Device, such as FPGA, with integraed System-On-Chip (SoC), like ARM based hard processor. The SoC processor, as well the integrated memory, controllers, peripherals, are constructing a configurable, programmable, interconnected SoC FPGA.
Integration of the main board processor with FPGA reduced costs, power, design space, and even improve performance by reducing the system latency.
Xilinx, Altera and Microsemi (Actel) are the world's leading manufacturers of Programmable SoC with wide range of product families for various applications.
Configuration Memory
Configuration memory devices are required to load and configure FPGA. The Configuration memory devices are IC’s comprised of Control Logic, non-volatile Flash memory and Data I/O and are connected to the FPGA on-board.
Xilinx and Altera offer Configuration memory devices applicable for each FPGA family.
GreenTree Electronics is a trusted obsolete electronic components distributor. With an extensive inventory, their focus is on delivering quality solutions for hard-to-find electronic parts.They offer competitive pricing, expert guidance, and ensure timely delivery to meet the sourcing needs of individuals and businesses. GreenTree Electronics is committed to providing reliable sourcing solutions, maintaining high standards of quality, and offering exceptional customer service.