Guerrilla fighters from the West Papua National Liberation Army (TPNPB) ambushed Indonesian military forces. The TPNPB is the armed wing of the Free Papua Movement, which seeks independence for West Papua from Indonesia.
The Papua conflict is a low-intensity guerrilla war that has lasted since the 1960s, rooted in Dutch colonial rule.
West Papua was formally colonized by the Netherlands in 1898. Dutch control in the region that makes up present-day Indonesia began as early as the 1600s through the Dutch East India Company.
After gaining independence, Indonesia took control of West Papua and began exploiting its natural resources on behalf of foreign corporations.
Estimates suggest that up to 500,000 people—mostly Indigenous Papuans—have been killed in the conflict. Despite spanning over 60 years, the war remains one of the least reported armed struggles in the world.