Treaty of Perth: Norway Recognises Scottish Sovereignty over the Hebrides
On July 2, 1266, the Treaty of Perth marked a major shift in the political map of the North Atlantic. Under its terms, the King of Norway formally renounced his claim to the Hebrides and acknowledged the authority of the King of Scotland over the Western Isles. In exchange, Scotland agreed to pay a monetary settlement, bringing an end to decades of intermittent conflict and Norse influence in the region.
The agreement also addressed the status of the Isle of Man, which had long been contested between Gaelic, Norse, and Scottish rulers. While the Hebrides were definitively transferred to Scotland, Norway retained nominal control over Orkney and Shetland, preserving a northern Scandinavian foothold in the British Isles.
The treaty, concluded under King Magnus VI of Norway, is widely seen as the end of the Viking Age political order in the western seas. It consolidated Scottish authority in the Highlands and islands, helping shape the medieval territorial boundaries that would later define modern Scotland.