Types of Tray used for Distillation Operation
One of the oldest and most commonly used processes in the chemical industry is distillation. The fundamental components for the process' smooth operation are distillation towers and their interior components. Trays of various varieties, including those classified as are used in the design of such distillation columns.
Bubble Cap
The bubble cap tray is the oldest type of tray that serves as an equilibrium tray plate in the column. It consists solely of the riser above the holes in the perforated tray. It has a unique channel that allows vapors to pass through the liquid that is held above the plates. Exact mass transfer happens above the holes, increasing the effectiveness of the process. To improve the process, each tray can have one or more downcomer sections.
Sieve Tray
This plate is just basic with perforations. Punched holes aid in efficient mass transfer over the entire operation. While the trays' effectiveness and efficiency are improved by the punches' downward orientation. The holes' normal sizes range from 0.18 to 1 inch in diameter, with 0.5 inches being a common size. The number of holes or punches and their separate sizes depend on the tower's vapour flow rate.
Valve Tray
To increase efficiency, valve trays include movable discs in the shape of valves that move up and down. The valve moves and mass transfer takes place as the fluid flow rate changes. The valve is unable to move up in direction at the lowest vapour flow, holding both fluids above and below the plate. Vapour flow rate is favoured over the shape of the valve, which can be either circular or rectangular. Valve trays can resist large flow rates and have a good separation efficiency.
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