If I was truly convinced with Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia, or happiness, I would agree with Murphy; he presents a significantly more moral case than Cahn does. However, I have always been aware of the difference between happiness and joy. Happiness is a temporary, often fleeting concept that most people experience every day. Joy, however, is much more permanent than happiness. If the immoral man presented in the first example said that he was happy, he might very well have been happy. However, I doubt that he has any sense of joy in his life, nor will he ever experience it. Based on what I understand of Aristotle’s concept, I would retranslate eudaimonia as joy rather than simple happiness. Murphy also makes an excellent point when he says, “[the man] is attached to temporal values that are vulnerable – e.g., dependent on the responses of others. Since these are ultimately out of his control, must he not consciously feel or repress fear – a fear that may not be compatible with happiness?” (Cahn 66).