"When publishing changes, so does society, investigate and compare the impact of two publication technologies, one pre-1900 and one post-2000, on a specific aspect of society."
Publishing and print is changes varied from the past until now, not only the ways it changes in the publishing technology, format or the way od production, but also bring some changes in the economic, social and educational aspect in between pre-1900 and post-2000.
Changes in Publishing itself
Source: http://darwinslibrary.com/2010/04/evolution-not-extinction/
The publishing change is like the evolution of the human, who from apelike creature on all fours to upright human. The publishing changes is from the initial stone writing into a paper in 1900s, also with the laser printing technology invented, the handwriting can be instead, books can be released, the amount of books can be manufactured with this fast printing technology, also, the cover of books is keep changing and improved in increasing years, at last, after 2000, the Internet and smart phones are invented, the books are turned into digitalized version, people using both laptops or smart phones or eBook readers to read books, so that the press is changed into digitalization as well.
Source: http://darwinslibrary.com/2010/04/evolution-not-extinction/
The picture shows that the evolution of publishing is changing from the bottom to the top, from the root of the tree to the end of the branch. From the storytelling, oral, into writing by scroll, manuscript, then with the technology advancement, printing can from script writing into newspaper, even color printing of magazine, post-2000, with digitalization revolution, the audiobooks, eBooks are also released.
Source: http://blog.wan-ifra.org/2011/10/14/mobile-behavior-changes-dramatically
The publishing is changing its format throughout a whole century, form the textual based newspaper transformed into radio with aural component, then becoming visualized and television programs appeared, and then with digital revolution in 2000, all data become digitalized, until now the mobile cultures. With the change in its format of publishing, the human behaviors are also being affected, people are tend to rely on their social media devices, and increase the isolation among people since they are less to communicate to each other and usually communicate by using with their phones only. The ‘check-in’, sharing posts through social media platform becoming a part of their lifestyle and cannot be separated, they think the ‘sharing’ is an important communication in their social life.
Source http://project-middle-grade-mayhem.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/new-publishing-world.html
Compared to the past, in the society nowadays, a e-reader can be replaced a printed book with more functions and volume. An e-reader can with the content of aural and also visual content, not only the text or wording comparing to the past in 1900s. Visualization is become very common in the society after 2000s, visual component can act as a compliment to the wording or text structure, making readers understand the meaning easily. Also, an e-reader can contain a large volume of books, reader can just bring a e-reader, and pick up the book they want to read easily, instead of bringing a bulk of books.
Source: http://www.3dissue.com/digital-publishing-industry/
In the 2000s, the digital publishing becomes the news trend in media industries. With the social network revolution, increase the demand of digital publishing, this become a new strategy for producers for increase the distribution to much wider audiences. Self-publishing also becomes more accepted in 2000s, people could publish their products through internet platform, not only in the traditional way that through the publishing media agencies. The knowledge and information guides are freely available to self-publishers across the internet. The growth of social media platforms allows self-publishers to understand trend, needs and opinions of readers.
Changes in the way of production
Source: http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115010/publishing-industry-thriving
In this picture, we can find out the shift of digitalization in publishing and its impact in economic aspect, the way of publishing production of media has been changed from printed book into E-Book. Because throughout the digital version of E-Book, the cost of production can be reduced, the producers do not have to pay for high-priced hardcovers and paperbacks, they can earn more net profit, and the total revenue can be increase. It is a new way of production in 20s century, historically the e-book replaced the print books, with the lower cost on e-book, the producers can sell their e-boo at lower price and brings more attraction to its consumers.
Source: Pew Internet Surveys, 2006–2013
After the debut of smart phones, the behavior and consumption pattern of the citizens has been changed. With the increasing number of the people using cell phones, people are rely more on digital media devices when compared to pre-1900, and the reading behavior among people are shifting to tablets or phones, not only rely on laptops. People are reading books on e-reader or on the Web. So this affects the format of production of publishing as well. A decreasing in the number of printed books.
Source: http://www.thebookdesigner.com/2011/01/how-self-publishing-changes-the-bond-between-readers-and-writers/
These two pictures can show that the way of communication has been changed in between the writer and reading since the change of publishing. Pre-1900, writers and the readers can be communicate only when there are some events are held, however, with the digitalization revolution, readers can reach the writer throughout different type of social media channels, such as Facebook, or some mobile applications. The relationship between reader and writer can be much closer, and the communication is border than before.
Source: https://richarddennison.wordpress.com/
These two pictures show that the impact of commenting in the publishing process. With the change in publishing, the commenting is involved in the society nowadays compared to the 1900s. Pre-1900. There is no commenting, the message is direct and the product at the end is the content what we exactly want to send or want to speak to. However, with digital publishing and online platform, with the commenting in the process, the message that we want present is not exactly with the product produced at the end, the value is not bound up in the content alone, but mostly in the conversation it triggers. The comments of audiences is unpredictable, the statement might have chance to be misinterpret by the others. Also, the self-publishers might have to learn how to attract the attention of audiences in online platform, they have to learn how to trigger up some comments on their product or generate a discussion in the more keen competition in publication and publishing. When compared to 1900s.
Source: http://ebookspublishing.blogspot.com.au/2014/05/ebook-publishing-software-changed-way.html
The changes in the publishing, the media is not disaggregating anymore, but aggregation. Pre-1900, people read book and magazines in print, they listen to music with tape or CD, and they watch TV programs on television, but with the publishing change, news and books can be read on the Internet, people can watch TV program and listen to the music throughout their all-in-one media device, such as smarts phone, laptops these media devices aggregate all functions of one media device in the past. And this also changing the behavior among people, they might spend more with their laptops or smart phones, rather than using radio, television or even reading a book.
Source: www.dreamstime.com
With the publishing changes, there are more and more channels provided to the user to share and express their ideas, the user-generated content is increase, compared to the past. in the age of pre-1900, people might not have chance to publish their opinions, they are the one who usually receiving information from the media producers, but in 2000s, they are also ‘publisher’, they can publish their opinions or daily life throughout social medias, such as Facebook, Instagram, WordPress etc..
Source: http://youarenotgoingtoseebutread.blogspot.com.au/2012/06/comparison-of-impacts-of-publishing.html
These two pictures show the changes in the publishing production and the relationship between readers and the producers. “The book of the past reveals its individual experience uniquely. The book of the future reveals our collective experience uniquely” this indicates the difference from the past and nowadays. In the past, the pre-artifact system, it involving very few people, it is immutable and self-contained; it is a bit of isolation. The books will be done and produced before reached and being sent to the readers. In 20s century, it becoming post artifact system which people can be engaged in the artifact, it increase the connectivity and the mutability of artifact. It involving the continuousengagement with readers and allow public to generate comment, discussion with online platform.
Changes in music industries
Source: http://www.businessinsider.com.au/these-charts-explain-the-real-death-of-the-music-industry-2011-2
Music can be a kind of publishing as well. The music industries development has been seriously affected with the change in publishing production. The photo show that the music industry is well-growing in the past, even continue to the 20s century, but later on with social network revolution, the sales and the demand of the CDs is sharply decrease, but the rise of digitalized music, such as mp3 format. People are tending to use their personal multimedia devices to listen to music, rather than using CDs player or listen to the CD album one by one.
Source: http://www.library.wisc.edu/news/2014/10/21/symposium-aims-to-encourage-campus-wide-conversation-on-publishing-landscape/
There is a big contrast between pre1900 and post-2000 in the way of publishing and type, people are not doing the manuscript, hand writing after the typewriter is invented, people using typewriter to type documents or books, however, n the 2000s, with technological advancement, the computers, laptops replacing the method of writing, they using computers to type documents, books, even school assignments. The scholar publishing is debut by the changes of publishing; it is published concern among students, researchers and scholars. Open-access journals and archives can be reached by scholars and provide them the opportunity to discuss publishing throughout the online social networks.
Source: http://openscience.com/how-open-access-changes-the-future-of-the-book-methods-like-books-sprints-and-liquid-books-are-inspired-by-the-faster-turn-around-of-open-access-publishing/
The publishing does also make effect in the education. The historian explores the effects of the printing press, and finds that the rise of book printing establishes a different form of knowledge. For example, the citation, which still using nowadays, making the books becomes easily available and allows open access publishing. The open access in academic publishing fosters a growing range of publishing options The ‘Book Sprint’ and the ‘Liquid Books’ can be easily produced with increasing speed in publishing production and technology improvement. The production of a book is in a more collaborative process, the process has been transformed from a peer review model to a peer-to-peer review model.
Source: http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115010/publishing-industry-thriving
Even though the demand of e-book is increasing and more people shifting their reading behavior into digital version, however, it does not mean that the revenue of book business has been decreased and lost its competitive when compared to broad Internet networking, in fact, the revenue of the book business is even increase much more than it has before in 2000 or more forward.
Source: http://www.musicdish.com/mag/?id=10130
However, not only the revenue of the music industries has been impacted after the digital revolution in 2000, there are more problem generated, which it never happen in the pre1900s. The online platform provides a channel for people to download music freely, the copyright problem and the illegal download or upload music can be a problem.
