In 2009, Bolivia elected its indigenous president, Evo Morales. Morales, a coca farmer, former with a modest background, represented the result of a very long history and colorful politics. Bolivia has experienced a growth in the empires and the fall, revolutions, bitter turf wars, military coups and battles with multinational corporations. And somehow all the chaos, is a country that has managed to democratically elect a leader of the party's poorest and least capacity of its population. How did this happen? Occupations and independence The first occupation of Bolivia has been registered by the Tiwanaku culture, a population that has grown between 600 and 800 AD to urban proportions from a small agricultural village. Things have changed much up to 960 AD when a major climate change occurred and led everyone in the region in 1000, not a good beginning for humanity. Next were the Incas, growing from 1430 to 1530 AD, bringing the complex road network, irrigation, agricultural terraces and the Quechua language. The expansion of the Incas was so fast that the Empire was internally weak, and the Spaniards have not had much trouble overthrow when they arrived in 1532 AD. The Spaniards settled in the Bolivian highlands two decades, but for a pretty miserable time of things because of bloody feuds between the conquistadors and the Inca rebellions suppressed. In 1548, the murder of Gonzalo Pizarro led the Spanish Crown to assert its authority, establishing the city of La Paz. Despite a strong hold on the population, the indigenous resistance has continued throughout the period of Spanish rule, with over 100 revolts in the 18th century only in Peru and Bolivia. Independence of Bolivia has increased disorder among the Creoles, Spanish-born Bolivian born pure and Peninsular Spaniards who came from Europe to govern the colony. After the French Revolution, a group of radical creoles were motivated to join a Bolivian indigenous general to oppose the renewal of the Spanish Constitution in 1812. The general was eventually defeated in a conflict by armed rebels of Sim n? Bolivar and Antonio Jos? Sugar. On 6 August 1825, Bolivia declared its independence, with Bolivar considered the founder. Life without the Spaniards Things have started well in the 19th century with Andrés Santa Cruz, but political problems arose from a confederation between Peru and Bolivia and before long the next 60 years has been dominated by the blows and the administrations of short duration. Other countries have benefited, since independence in Bolivia has lost over half its land to its neighbors in wars. In 1935, Bolivia was defeated by Paraguay in the Chaco War. This blow discredited ruling class, and the service of the army political passions generated from the native population. The Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) emerged from the Chaco War in 1941 as a coalition of the middle class avoiding political Marxism. He was victorious in the elections of 1951, but the results were deemed fraudulent by the opposition, and his right to the presidency was rejected. not a party to take the rejection lightly, the MNR led a successful uprising on April 9, 1952, and set in motion the National Revolution. The reforms of the state has tried to integrate into the national life of the Aymara and Quechua peasants that the majority of the Bolivian population, a unique political positioning. Dictatorship to democracy The revolution was deemed to have ended when a military junta ousted the president in 1964, preceding twenty turbulent years of military rule marked by coups, coup-cons and temporary governments. Finally General Luis Meza Garicia conducted a brutal coup in 1980 and continued violations of human rights, links to drug trafficking and hideous economic mismanagement caused the Carter and Reagan administrations in the United States to cut ties with Bolivia . To date, the U.S. and Bolivia continue to disagree. Population weary of the endless violent attack by the military, and the 1985 elections as democratic governance in Bolivia has become. Unfortunately, that time was headed by hyperinflation at an annual rate of 24.000% stun. Social unrest, drug trafficking and chronic strikes were the norm. Impressive, under the administration of the DNR within 4 years the social and economic stability have been achieved and the military were kept firmly in politics. The realization has been slightly soured by the collapse of tin prices in 1985 which saw 20,000 miners laid off, but the trend for open and honest democratic process with peaceful transitions of power continued. The administration of the mid-90 began an aggressive policy of privatization of state until the "water war" of Cochabamba, where a multi-national corporation has increased the rate of water to the point where people violently protested and the League was expelled from Bolivia, resulting in a failure of $ 25 million lawsuit against the government. Corruption crept slowly through the corridors of Parliament, as many top politicians were involved in the exploitation of Bolivia's large natural gas reserves. After a series of dams and violent strikes, hasty resignations were made by senior officers in government and a comprehensive review of the Constitution and the renewal of Parliament at the same time as general elections Dec. 4, 2005. Morales steps up Evo Morales, indigenous leader and former coca farmer, had lost in the 2002 election comments by U.S. Ambassador Manuel Rocha warned Bolivians that voters if they voted for Morales could cut U.S. aid Foreign and close its markets to countries. This position has undoubtedly been fueled by the state of Morales as a former coca farmer and Bolivia's reputation as a producer of one third of all cocaine in the world. However, it has not been selected for the second time and won the 2005 elections by a comfortable majority of 54% of his Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party. He was the first elected indigenous president in Bolivia's history. In a year, he nationalized Bolivia's gas fields, something desired by the indigenous population for years. Opinions are divided on the government of Evo Morales. Since coming to power four eastern departments voted for Bolivia have political autonomy, distancing themselves from the central government. However, one thing that can not be denied is the commitment of Morales to the indigenous population, who constitute the majority of Bolivia. In terms of democratic representation and equal rights, the Bolivian government has made progress that the world should pay attention.
