βSo the younger daughter Jadwiga, aged nine, was crowned queen in Krakow in 1384 (β¦) The young queen Jadwiga was then urged to break her engagement to William of Habsburg and to marry instead Jagiello, the ruler of neighboring Lithuania. He was elected king of Poland in absentia, on the condition that he take up residence in Poland. Four years after Jadwigaβs coronation, Wladyslaw-Jagiello was crowned king in Krakow, and the couple governed the country together until Jadwigaβs early death in 1399 or 1400. Since no children had survived, the kingβs legitimacy was contestable, but he remained on the throne after marrying Anne of Cilly, one of the closest relatives of the former reigning house. A very similar case was that of Jadwigaβs elder sister Maria of Hungary. Six days after the death of her father Louis the Great, the twelve-year-old girl was crowned at Szekesfehervar by the archbishop of Esztergom as if she were a king, not by the bishop of Veszprem as if a queen-consort. TheΒ queen-mother, Elisabeth of Bosnia, was her guardian.(β¦) Three years later Maria was married at fifteen to Sigismund of Luxembourg-Bohemia, who received only the title βregni Hungarie tutor,β not βrex,β nor was he crowned in 1385. Maria ceded to Sigismund the i.w regni el diadema, though this did not mean that she totally resigned the queenship. Since documents were issued in both their names, she was still regarded as the reigning queen while Sigismund was co-regent and commander-in-chief of the army The marriage was without issue, and after Mariaβs death in 1392 (or 1395) Sigismundβs title to the throne was contested by 32 nobles. Sigismund condemned them to death; they were publicly beheaded in Ofen. He then legitimized his kingship by marrying Barbara of Cilly, one of the nearest relatives of the old Hungarian kings. The parallels between the queenships of Maria of Hungary and her sister Jadwiga of Poland are obvious. In both cases the queens died without surviving issue, and their husbands remained in power by marrying other cognates, i.e., relatives through female lines, of the old dynastyβ. - Armin Wolf,Β βReigning Queens in Medieval Europe: When, Where, and Whyβ. In Parsons, John Carmi (ed.). Medieval Queenship.
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