Kaisersaal (Imperial Hall), Residenz, Würzburg, Germany, 1719–1744
Balthasar Neumann is known today as the leading Rococo architect of the early 18th century in Europe. Neumann’s career as an architect took off under Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg who asked the young engineer in 1719 to plan, and in 1720 to lead construction of, his new palace, the Würzburg Residence. Neumann was able to give the project his personal imprint, which became his life’s work. The German painter Antonio Bossi was responsible for the stuccos of the hall and the frescoes by the Italian painter Giambattista Tiepolo, Although the Rococo grew out of the preceding Baroque style of architecture, with majority of the works in the building originally were Baroque. Rococo style replaced Baroque monumentality and classical organizational features with a more intimate style. The walls of the Imperial Hall consist of stucco work marble in shades of red, white and yellow. The dome is painted in white color, decorated with golden stucco work and also frescoes showing an idealized history of the diocese of Würzburg. The pastel colors show tributes to royalty and also are inspired from Japanese styles of plant art. The white stucco works on a light gray background are composed of a large quantity of rocailles, mixed with images of real items, especially of military purpose.