hansi's pronouns in translation
sometime around december 2013, editorial presumably released a statement to all publishers concerning how hansi's gender should be translated. we only know about this statement due to the social media manager of kodansha usa at the time twice referencing it. it apparently comprised the following:
"Isayama has … instructed us to avoid gendered pronouns when referring to Hange, or at least to use he AND she with equal frequency".
since this was presumably a statement to all publishers, this would cover all languages the manga was translated into. the existence of this qualification to avoid gendered pronouns or "at least" he and she equally seems to exist to accommodate languages which have grammatical gender. the reported preference was to "avoid gendered pronouns".
english happens to have a neutral gender, however there's a quirk in that when used to refer to people whose identities are known this is not an "ungendered pronoun" and is instead a pronoun refuting binary gender identity. while it is technically neutral, it is still inclusive of nonbinary gender identities and could thus be considered a "gendered pronoun". however this statement would have been translated from japanese, and the word that would have been used is 性別, which means explicitly "a distinction between the two sexes". in the japanese sense, using neutral gender is not gendering them.
so what did isayama intend? how is their gender expressed in the original work? let's look at the first reference to them in third person in original language and the only published english edition that translates this moment in the neutral gender, the second omnibus (ISBN 978-1646513758).
if you'll notice in the english translation "they'll" is bolded and eren responds with some confusion repeating it. the translator decided to emphasize this pronoun for a reason. while in original language it's bolded the second time levi says it, the translator wanted to keep the nuance of it being said the first time and was only able to do so by emphasizing it. it's the same case with the "she" translation, so the bolding is actually not related to gender, it's expressing something else from the original text.
japanese does not have grammatical gender, and third person pronouns are almost always omitted or are "gender neutral" in the sense of them being used to refer to anyone without consideration of gender. the pronoun used here, あいつ, is one such pronoun. the reason why it's bolded in the translation and why eren is reacting with some confusion is that it is rude.
so while i love the idea of hansi using gender neutral pronouns in the original work and of this being an intentional decision from their author, it is unfortunately adding nuance that not only doesn't exist in the original text, it is changing this dialog entirely from something rude to what would be this character firmly establishing and advocating for hansi's gender identity. without ability to obtain further clarification from the author, i would personally translate the use of this pronoun within these restrictions as "that one".
but why did isayama issue this clarification to publishers? what did he intend, if not this? to start i want to address that japanese does unavoidably express gender through language, and that means hansi also uses gendered language.
first, every single first person pronoun is gendered. this is not like english "he" and "she" where use of one absolutely means an individual is male or female, but they provide an understanding of how the speaker views themself in relation to others in context. broadly, japanese uses three main first person pronouns: 私 (female and formal neutral), 僕 (male, casual), and 俺 (male, most casual/rough). these are very broad generalizations, but most of the time we can say that men only use 私 in formal contexts, and use of 僕 or 俺 by adult women (female children may use 僕 without it being seen as strange) is rare to very rare (excluding some dialects), and almost always a statement of queer gender or sexuality.
hansi's first person pronoun is 私, the female/formal neutral one. they never use anything else. this is not explicitly a statement of gender, however it means that they do not use male in-group pronouns in casual groups of men. though it's probably referenced a lot and known by anyone who has interest in this, i've always found this "impossible to translate" dialog in your name a great example of this, as taki should be using male in-group pronouns with his friends, but mitsuha (in his body) used her usual 私 instead.
second is that some grammar is gendered, for example sentence ending particles. likewise these are also not "strictly gendered", but they provide an overall impression of gender identity in context. hansi uses a lot of "male" grammar, however they don't use it all the time, usually when they're upset or excited. otherwise their speech is more neutral. their expression of "gender identity" at least through language is not very binary in this way. of course this does not definitionally make one some gender over another, but hansi's masculine speech was enough to be a deciding factor to a lot of japanese fans in questioning what their gender identity is.
so what does this mean for their pronouns in english? well there are a few sources we can look at to get a better idea of isayama's impression of their gender identity as a character outside of the text (which never "genders them" in the english sense of the term). the first thing i want to bring up is other approved ways of referring to them in third person, and how he himself has referred to them. i've made a list before in what seems to be overall order of preference, but to quickly reiterate, in english the next best thing to using name is using neutral gender, as "he" or "she" are both explicitly gendering, while "they" is not. in english pronouns are unfortunately extremely ubiquitous and hard to avoid, in addition to being required for reflexive case.
most notably to me is isayama himself has gone against his "preferably avoided" rule about gendered pronouns to refer to hansi with 彼または彼女 (“him or her”, or “he or she”). i mentioned above that japanese does not have grammatical gender nor does it require the use of gendered pronouns. consequently, no pronoun exists to indicate unknown gender or to refute one's status as either. if isayama had such a pronoun, i feel like he would use it here to refer to them.
further, i want to emphasize from that same interview 「枠にとらわれない」, meaning that hansi "cannot be confined to a box/framework", that binary gender (like i mentioned before, 性別 in japanese, meaning "a distinction between male or female") is a box, and hansi cannot be put in it. on top of that he has said that if they had a character song it would be like 自分らしく by shinsei kamattechan, which is about not fitting into the gender binary.
so while the original text was not written from the perspective that any of these characters were acknowledging hansi's gender identity, we can infer that hansi prefers not to be gendered as male or female, and that in an speaking english context outside of the text, they/them is the best way to refer to them.