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The Contribution of Socio-economic Position to the Excesses of Violence and Intimate Partner Violence Among Aboriginal Versus Non-Aboriginal Women in Canada

The paper discusses the different types ofviolence against aboriginal women in Canada be it violence from strangers orintimate parter violence. The research takes into account the number ofinstances of these types of violence, compares it to the socio-economic position of these women and explores the possibility of a correlation between the different parts. The research found that there is a correlation between a lower socio-economic position of aboriginal women and the instances of violence against them, therefore, the lower the socio-economic position the more the possibility of violence there is against aboriginal women. The research concludes that there should be a better effort by all parts of the government to create a better standard of living and a better socio-economic position for aboriginal women, and create more opportunities for them which in turn will decrease the instances of violence against these women.

Daoud, N., Smylie, J., Urquia, M., Allan, B., & O’Campo, P. (2013). The Contribution of Socio-economic Position to the Excesses of Violence and Intimate Partner Violence Among Aboriginal Versus Non-Aboriginal Women in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 104(4), 278-83. Retrieved March 29, 2015, from ProQuest.

#Women #AboriginalWomen

Education, Employment, and Income Polarization among Aboriginal Men and Women in Canada

The study takes a look at the education system in the aboriginal societies in Canada, compares that to what it means in the socio-economic standing for the society and looks at how that translates to the overall socio-economic standing of aboriginal women in these societies. The study takes a look at the extent of higher education that aboriginal people have and it shows that there are a great number of people in the aboriginal communities that have achieved high levels of success and graduate education. But, the study also shows the number of people in aboriginal communities that do not even complete basic high school education is even higher and it also shows the great gap between the two, which therefore explains the number of women who suffer more because of these circumstances and live with a low socio-economic standing. The study concludes by discussing the different proposed solutions that would help women living in poverty in aboriginal communities and help them achieve a better standard of living and therefore decrease the gap of income and help aboriginal women prosper.

Gerber, L. (2014). Education, Employment, and Income Polarization among Aboriginal Men and Women in Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 46(1), 121-144. Retrieved March 29, 2015, from Academic Search Premier.

Violence Against Aboriginal Women

The statistics collected for the study show that homicide rates of aboriginal women in Canada is seven times higher than non-aboriginal women. The study also shows that women from aboriginal communities who are in the sex trade are also victims of homicide, and being from both of these factions of society seems to make these cases of homicide more likely to be unsolved by the police. The study concludes by expressing that the data collected is not a complete picture of what is happening in area of violence against aboriginal women since many of these crimes and sexual assaults go unreported, therefore the actual numbers are likely much higher, which makes the problem possibly much greater than what it seems to be.

Fact Sheet: Violence Against Aboriginal Women. (2010, March 13). Retrieved March 30, 2015, from http://www.nwac.ca/files/download/NWAC_3E_Toolkit_e.pdf

Indigenous Women Statistics

The statistical data looks at the difference between violence, assault, and sexual crimes committed against aboriginal women in comparison to other Canadian women. The data shows that the rate of violence, be it spousal or non-spousal is 2.5 times higher in aboriginal communities compared to others. Perhaps the most alarming of the data is the statistics showing that the incidents of murdered or missing aboriginal women is higher than other women in Canada. The statistical analysis shows that conditions such as the low socio-economic standing of aboriginal women in Canada and other factors such as culture and education contributes to such rates.

Indigenous Women Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2015, from http://mediahub.octevawcocvff.ca/indigenous-women-statistics

Canada: Violence Against Indigenous Women Persists

The Human Right’s Watch report on the treatment and the living situation of aboriginal women in Canada discusses the many difficulties that the aboriginal women in Canada face. The report discusses how many aboriginal women are usually mistreated by police forces and their well being and safety is not taken as seriously as others’ in Canada. The report also discusses how Canada needs to pay more attention to the human right infractions that go on in Canada against many minorities including aboriginal women, that they need to take on the responsibility to protect all their citizens and be as big of actor of human rights inside their country as they are outside of their country.

Canada: Violence Against Indigenous Women Persists. (2014, January 21). Retrieved March 30,2015, from http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/01/21/canada-violence-against-indigenous-women-persists

Violence Against Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada: A Summary of Amnesty International's

The Amnesty International report discusses the issues that aboriginal women in Canada face and the shortcomings of the government to provide a better standard of living and better circumstances for these women. The report discusses the solutions that should be implemented in order for change to happen which includes the publication and collection of better data that could show the real extent of the issue, the provision of funding and standardised laws for all Canadian women including aboriginal women without any discrimination. The report concludes by urging the government of Canada to make a better effort to hear aboriginal women’s voices and provide a better system and opportunities for them so they can have a better living standard which in turn will probably decrease instances of violence.

Violence Against Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada: A Summary of Amnesty International's. Concerns and Call to Action. (2014, February 1). Retrieved March 30, 2015, from http://www.amnesty.ca/sites/default/files/ iwfa_submission_amnesty_international_february_2014_-_final.pdf

With 1,000 Aboriginal Women Dead Or Missing, Canadians Are Asking #AmINext

The article discusses the outrage of aboriginalwomen in Canada by showing how they have launched a social media campaign urging the government to take a more serious step towards resolving murders and violence against aboriginal women. The article mentions a government report that reveals that there has been more than a 1000 cases of homicides against aboriginal women since 1980, which shows the extent of the problem.

Robins-Early, N. (2014, September 11). With 1,000 Aboriginal Women Dead Or Missing, Canadians Are Asking #AmINext. Retrieved March 30, 2015.

UN urges Canada to hold national inquiry on missing aboriginal women and girls

The article discusses the gravity of the issue ofviolence and homicide against aboriginal women in Canada. It shows how a great number of the Canadian public and government feel that this issue has reached alarming proportions and how it has put a great strain on the relationship between aboriginal women and the federal government, which in turn puts a pressure on the government for swift change.

Campion-Smith, B. (2014, May 12). UN urges Canada to hold national inquiry on missing aboriginal women and girls | Toronto Star. Retrieved March 30, 2015.

'If anything is to be done with the Indian, we must catch him very young': colonial constructions of Aboriginal children and the geographies of Indian residential schooling in British Columbia, Canada

“‘If anything is to be done with the Indian,we must catch him very young’: colonial constructions of Aboriginal children and the geographies of Indian residential schooling in British Columbia, Canada”, the title in itself helps define residential schools; a place where Aboriginal children were taken from their families and expected to adapt to mainstream society. As stated in the article, “…Aboriginal peoples of all ages in Canada were constructed as (often barbarous devil-like) children with reference to non-Aboriginal peoples.” (Leeuw, pp.132) Aboriginal peoples were viewed as children, therefore, to change the habits of the children it seemed the easiest solutions was to take them from their homes. By forbidding children to speak in their native language or partake in their traditions, the government was able to gain control and achieve a self-fulfilling prophecy.

de Leeuw, S. (2009). 'If anything is to be done with the Indian, we must catch him very young': colonial constructions of Aboriginal children and the geographies of Indian residential schooling in British Columbia, Canada. Children's Geographies, 7(2), 123-140. doi:10.1080/14733280902798837

Jordan’s Principle, governments’ paralysis

This article opensour eyes to the constant battle Aboriginals are forced to face whether that is a child or an adult; however, as stated “They are voiceless in decision-making, subject to the judgments and actions of others”, meaning, children are only able to excel as far as they’ve been provided. Jordan had to lose his life for a change to be implemented, but children in the present and the future are taken care of through Jordan’s Principle if they are to have any medical conditions. This article is useful in exploring Aboriginal children, because you are able to gain a clear picture of how an Aboriginal child must view themselves due to non-Aboriginal world views. Considering Jordan was unable to be with his family and was forced to be alone in a Winnipeg hospital as multiple people fought over how to proceed with his medical liabilities, this must have enabled Jordan to feel a sense of ascribed identity. Thankfully Jordan’s Principle is able to protect Aboriginal children by ensuring “…putting the medical needs of First Nations’ children first.” This does not excuse past behaviours; however, we can only hope this is a step in the right direction for Aboriginal children and adults.

MacDonald, N., & Attaran, A. (2007, August 14). Jordan's Principle, governments' paralysis. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal Supplement. p. 321. doi:10.1503/cmaj.070950.

Better Outcomes for First Nation Children: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada's Role as a Funder in First Nation Child and Family Services

Aboriginal Affairs andNorthern Development Canada has been funding Aboriginal children and families since the early 1990s. This link is useful to help Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples have a clearer view of how funds are being used through viewing statistical data. However, you will notice the “Percentage of First Nation On-Reserve Population Covered by New Enhanced Prevention Focused Approach” chart is showing that Nova Scotia is only 2% and P.E.I hasn’t even gotten a percentage. Certainly we need to be thankful for contributions and funding but after viewing the data, it seems, Atlantic provinces are receiving the least amount of support from any organization. Other provinces are starting to see the changes but it, most definitely, will be a long time before all provinces are getting equal treatment.

Government of Canada. (2013). Better Outcomes for First Nation Children: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada's Role as a Funder in First Nation Child and Family Services. Retrieved from Government of Canada: http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100035210/1100100035218

Aboriginal Child Welfare

A website to unwrap the truth behind the welfare ofAboriginal children through statistical data, showing that Aboriginal children in 2008 had 73% maltreatment incidents. There has been changes made to protect Aboriginal children but numbers prove that there are many steps to take before we are able to say: justice has been served. As shown on the charts, in 2008 children had a “46% neglect” rate and “33% exposure to intimate partner violence”; this is able to shed light that although many believe much has improved it is clear children today are suffering from the past of their relatives. We must continue to make changes and hope through encouraging past victims, of residential schools or scoop 60, to speak about their past experiences, we can alter the futures of their children.

Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal. Aboriginal Child Welfare – Statistics. (2011). Retrieved from CWRP: http://cwrp.ca/node/1942

First Nations Child & Family Caring Society of Canada

The NGO linkwill help you explore ways to volunteer or to help Aboriginal children and families. This organization has managed to increase its hits by 500% since 2009, plus, they are receiving no government funding - they’re truly inspirational. This NGO site will allow one to be introduced to new organizations that will broaden their view on Aboriginals and their daily fight for equal rights.

First Nations Child & Family Caring Society of Canada. (2013). Retrieved from FN Caring Society website: http://www.fncaringsociety.com/main

Kids’ Stop

Kids’ Stopon Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada government site is a fun way for children to be exposed to their culture and heritage. Kids’ Stop has games, history, resources, and more to help children develop knowledge on their ancestry with an entertaining twist. This link is useful for parents/guardians to find ways to educate their children and keep them entertained.

Government of Canada. (2011). Kids’ Stop. Retrieved from Government of Canada website: http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1315444613519/1315444663239

‘60’s Scoop’ Class Action Lawsuit to Proceed

Diana Mehtaof CTV News wrote an article December 4, 2013 about the “60s Scoop” and the ongoing battle for justice. This article is useful because it briefly explains the 60s scoop, as well as, the physical and psychological damage it had caused. Between the 1960s and 1980s children were taken from their homes and experienced cultural genocide as their heritage was wiped away. Although many years later, the adults of today are still suffering from the 60s scoop and their scars are still fresh in their minds. Victims of the 60s Scoop are seeking righteousness but it is a battle they will have to continue to fight.

CTV News. (2013). ‘60’s Scoop’ Class Action Lawsuit to Proceed. Retrieved from CTV News: http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/60s-scoop-class-action-lawsuit-to-proceed-1.2132317#

Shannen’s Dream

This is aninspirational video about a girl named Shannen who had a dream to change the future for aboriginal children and their future education. Shannen wanted all Aboriginals to be treated as equals to other Canadian students, and have the opportunity for Aboriginals to have access to the education they deserved. Sadly she passed in a tragic car accident but her legacy lives on with the fight for Shennen’s Dream. Chief Theresa Spence of Attawapiskat First Nation said “It’s bringing us in unity to bring one voice, telling the government it’s time to listen and change for all children in Canada.” Shennen truly has had an influence on Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples.

Youtube. (2011). Retrieved from Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Gy38grr35c

Revenge of the Windigo : The Construction of the Mind and Mental Health of North American Aboriginal Peoples

The text “Revenge of the Windigo : TheConstruction of the Mind and Mental Health of North American Aboriginal Peoples” Waldram (2004) gives an in depth analysis of residential schools and the detrimental impacts it has had on aboriginal communities across Canada. It also examines how aboriginals have been overgeneralized and portrayed by western culture. Waldram’s research in prison facilities led him to the conclusion that psychologist had a difficult time understanding aboriginal’s mental health.

Waldram, J. B. (2004). Revenge of the Windigo : The Construction of the Mind and Mental Health of North American Aboriginal Peoples. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division

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