Now, thereâs increasing evidence that acupuncture works. Last month, a meta-review of 12 clinical trials found that acupuncture is a moderately effective treatment for chronic tension headaches, presumably similar to the migraines Silver experienced.
But how does it help?
No one is really sure. In 2014, researchers at Rutgers found that when mice were given (pdf) acupuncture with electricity flowing through the needles, they produced less of an harmful inflammatory response; some scientists believe that the needles stimulate the production of healthy chemicals in our bodies.
âOne major hypothesis is that acupuncture works through neurohormonal pathways,â Ting Bao, an integrative oncologist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer, told Live Science. âBasically, you put the needle through specific points in the body and stimulate the nerve. The nerve actually sends signals to the brain, and the brain releases neural hormones such as beta-endorphins.â With these extra hormones, he explained, a patient may feel less pain than they did previously. He also postulated that the tiny needles promote nerve growth and regeneration to alleviate pain.
Much of the evidence has yet to be tested, and some scientists remain skeptical. âAcupuncture does not work, which means all discussions of how it does work are irrelevant,â David Colquhoun, a pharmacologist and neurologist at University College London, told Scientific American. Although there are claims that acupuncture can be effective treatment for depression, pain during cancer treatment, and other forms of chronic pain, the evidence is more limitedâand possibly even biased, according to another systematic review.
For patients with chronic pain, acupuncture probably wonât hurtâif you can afford it. In the US, with 18,000 licensed acupuncturists (the majority of them are in California and New York), treatments cost about $125 each (though this may vary with insurance). Silver felt better after eight 30-minute treatments over the course of a month.