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@alansgcsegeography
The Richter scale
the richter scale is a measure of how powerful a earthquake is.
one is so slight that it can only be felt by the specialist equipment called a seismograph
above six can cause serious structural damage and when you reach the higher numbers 8-9-10 cause wide spread devastation even causing tsunamis which can kill hundreds of thousands.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are are caused by the build up and release of pressure and energy at plate boundaries.
the point at which the earthquake centers is called the focus this is the underground center of the quake the point directly above this on the surfaces is called the epicenter.#
the energy radiates out from the focus in waves of energy called seismic waves.
the power of a earthquake is measured on the Richter scale
Conservative plate boundaries
these occur on plate boundaries where the plates are moving past one another in opposite directions or at different speeds.
when they move past each other they can get caught building building up pressure which will be released as a sudden jolt which is released in the form of a earthquake.
Constructive plate boundaries
Constructive plate boundaries
these form at boundaries where the two plates are moving away from one another often oceanic plates.
the convection currents move to pull the plates apart forming a ridge when the magma rises to fill the gap created by the moving plates
this creates new crust and can even create volcanic islands such as Iceland.
these cause lots of minor earth quakes and constantly gently erupting volcanoes.
Destructive plate boundary
Destructive
At these plate boundaries the two plate are being pushed together.
these form at boundaries where a oceanic plate meets continental plate. the denser oceanic plate is forced beneath the lighter continental plate. this pushes the oceanic plate down into the mantle destroying it but also causing friction between the two plate this adds to the rate of plate destruction and can cause magma chambers to form which in turn creates violently erupting volcanoes.
the place where the two plates meet also forms ocean a deep ocean trench due to the oceanic plate bending under the continental plate.
Plate Tectonics
The earths crust is broken up into lots of different plates that move in different directions. these plates are the tectonic plates that float atop the mantle.
where these plate meet are known as plate boundaries.
There are Three different types of plate boundaries.
The Earth
The earth is made up of multiple layers most of which are unimportant
The main layers you need to be familiar with are the mantle and crust which are the causers of the restless earth
so the mantle is liquid rock (magma) this is at a high temperature heated from the core by the nuclear decay at the earths core.
The heating causes convection currents which move the and push the tectonic plates that make up the earths crust causing the tectonic activity.