All the tenses
Original sentence: She + to close + the door
Tenses:
Past:
Pluperfect (plus-que-parfait): Elle avait fermé la porte - She had closed the door [conj. Être/Avoir auxiliary in the imperfect + past participle]
Imperfect (imparfait): Elle fermait la porte - She closed the door [description, historical detail, habit in the past]
Perfect (passé composé): Elle a fermé la porte - She has closed the door [conj. Être/Avoir in the present + past participle]
Simple past (passé simple): Elle ferma la porte - She closed the door [literary]
Past conditional (conditionnel passé): Elle aurait fermé la porte - She would have closed the door [conj. Être/Avoir in the present conditional + past participle; expresses a regret or theory/fantasy]
Perfect past (passé antérieur): Elle eut fermé la porte - She had closed the door [conj. Être/Avoir in the simple past + past participle; rare, literary, expresses the anteriority of an action compared to the one that follows]
Recent past (passé récent): Elle vient de fermer la porte - She just closed the door [conj. venir de in the present + infinitive; about what just happened]*
Past imperative (impératif passé): Aie fermé la porte - Have the door closed (before...) [conj. Être/Avoir in the imperative present without the pronoun + past participle; only exists in 2nd person singular and 1st/2nd person plural, expresses the anteriority of an action (order, prohibition, recommendation, plea) compared to the one that follows]
Past infinitive (infinitif passé): Avoir fermé la porte est important - Having closed the door is important [present infinitive Être/Avoir + past participle; expresses the anteriority of an action accomplished before the one that follows]
(Past participle (participe passé) [used after an auxiliary in multiple compound tenses, usually to express a past action - see the posts for rules below])
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Present:
Indicative present (présent de l'indicatif): Elle ferme la porte - She closes the door
Progressive present (présent progressif): Elle est en train de fermer la porte - She is closing the door [conj. Être in the present + en train de + infinitive; about what is in the process of happening]
Present conditional (conditionnel présent): Elle fermerait la porte - She would close the door [expresses politeness, a desire, suggestion, theory]*
Present imperative (impératif présent): Ferme la porte - Close the door [indicative present without the pronoun; only exists in 2nd person singular and 1st/2nd person plural, expresses an order, prohibition, recommendation, plea]
Present infinitive (infinitif présent): Fermer la porte - Close the door [non-conj. verb; used in lists, on signs, after certain prepositions/conjugated verbs, expresses a number of feelings - see the post below]
(Present participle: Elle ferme la porte menant aux chambres - She closes the door leading to the bedrooms [verb + -ant; used to add precisions and usually replaces qui + conj. verb in the present])
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Future:
Near future (futur proche): Elle va fermer la porte - She is going to close the door [conj. Aller in the present + infinitive; about what is about to happen]
Simple future (futur simple): Elle fermera la porte - She will close the door
Perfect future (futur antérieur): Elle aura fermé la porte - She will have closed the door [conj. Aller in the future + infinitive; about what will have happened]
*NB: To use "If... (then)..." constructions, use imperfect for V.1 and present conditional for V.2 in the present (Si elle mangeait, elle n'aurait pas faim), or pluperfect for V1. and past conditional for V.2 in the past (Si elle avait mangé, elle n'aurait pas eu faim).
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+ Moods:
Present gerund (gérondif présent): Elle ferme la porte en criant - She closes the door shouting [(conj. verb 1 +) en + verb 2 + -ant; used to describe two simultaneous actions - not to be used with a stative verb such as Être, Sembler, etc.]
Past gerund (gérondif passé): Ayant fermé la porte, elle fut enfermée dehors - Having closed the door, she was locked out [Être/Avoir + -ant + past participle; used to describe the anteriority of an action]
Present subjunctive (subjonctif présent): Il faut qu'elle ferme la porte - She has to close the door [triggered by certain constructions + que; about an uncertain action that hasn't happened atm, that only exists in someone's head.]
Past subjunctive (subjonctif passé): Il fallait qu'elle ait fermé la porte - She had to have closed the door [certain constructions + que + pronoun/noun + conj. Être/Avoir in the present subjunctive + past participle; about an uncertain situation that might have happened]
Imperfect subjunctive (subjonctif imparfait): Il fallait qu'elle fermât la porte - She had to close the door [certain constructions + que + pronoun/noun + conj. verb; RARE literary pres. sub., about an uncertain situation that hadn't happened atm]
Pluperfect subjunctive (subjonctif plus-que-parfait): Il fallait qu'elle eusse fermé la porte - She had to have closed the door [certain constructions + que + pronoun/noun + conj. Être/Avoir in the imperfect subjunctive + past participle; RARE literary past sub., about an uncertain situation that might have happened]
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More tenses posts: the past participle, past tenses guide, simple VS compound tenses, irregular past participles, infinitive; the simple past, imperfect + perfect, indicative present, simple future, conditionals, imperative, gerund, subjunctives.
